2022年6月英语六级试题及答案
网络综合版：
听力原文
W: [1]Mr. David Jackson, a staff writer at the New Yorker, is known for his nonfiction books of adventure. Today we go on a different kind of adventure, Jackson
s life of parenting, his offspring, David, as a parent of an 11 and a 14-year-old, what is the most interesting issue you are dealing with right now?
M: It's easy to focus on the challenges. [2]But so far, I find these ages to be kind of wonderful. They are independent, and they have their own curiosities and obsessions. You can talk to them about fairly sophisticated subject matter such as politics.
W: Yes, that does sound refreshing compared with talking to younger children. Do they ask you to proofread their essays?
M: Certainly with writing they do. [3]1 really just try to be encouraging. I think at this age, editorial guidance is less important than encouragement.
W: Are there books that you think are important that your children read and that all children read?
M: My general thought is to read widely and to incorporate a love for reading, learning to love to read, I think, is the optimal thing, because it gives you a skill you can take anywhere.
W: So you're not too concerned like some parents with the content they' re reading. I know I have some worries about that.
M: Read what you like. Child loves graphic novels or comic books. What Never is that is turning them on to read and turning on their imagination.
W: [4]I feel that children's tastes in books change as they reach adolescence. I know that mine certainly did when I was a teenager. What do you think?
M: I think it's especially important as they get older to read subject matter that will open their eyes to the world and people. So, I think both fiction and nonfiction are really important, because they give you the power to begin to perceive the world through the lives of others.
Questions, 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Question 1, what do we learn about David Jackson from the conversation?
Question 2, What does the man think of young teenagers?
Question 3, how does the man help his kids with their essays?
Conversation Two
M: In this episode of Money Talks, [5]our guest is molly sanders, a university student and a successful young entrepreneur, Molly,tell us about your business.
W[6] I sell specialty clothes through a website, mainly for women who have trouble finding suitable clothes in main street shops because of their height or weight. But 1 do some men's clothes too.
M: How did you get started in this business at such a young age?
Are you studying fashion design?
W: Actually. I'm majoring in finance, but l've always loved
clothes. I started making my own at 14.
M: Did you have any sort of training in design or sewing? Or was it a natural ability?
W: I'd have to say no to both. No one taught me to make clothes.And most of the things I made at first were disasters.
M: Why did you persevere? I think most people would give up if they kept failing, especially at that age.
W: [7]1 kept on out of necessity. As you can see, I'm very tall. And I couldn't find clothes that fit me in ordinary shops. So I kept trying and developed my skills over time.
M: Well. My notes say you earned $50,000 in profits last year,extraordinary amount for a 20-year-old student. How did that happen? Did you see a gap in the market and decide to fill it?
W: No, when I started university, some classmates complemented, my clothes. And when I said I made them myself, other tall women started asking if I would make theirs. And I did. And before I knew it, I was an entrepreneur.
M: What are your plans for the future? Do you intend to open a physical store?
W: [8] No, I'll keep things online to keep costs down, but I will add more clothes for children, both girls and boys, and possibly even for infants. And I hope to add to my range of designs for men.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Question 5. What do we learn about the woman?
Question 6. What does the woman say about the clothes she made at?
Question 7. Why did the woman persevere in making clothes for herself?
Question 8. What does the woman plan to do in the future?
Passage 1
Researchers have identified a potent new antibiotic compound using artificial intelligence. The antibiotic can kill very dangerous bacteria. According to a study published in the journal Cell, the compounds
successfully removed deadly strains of bacteria in mice are resistant to all known antibiotics.
[Q9: The researches say this is the first time that artificial intelligence has been used to find a powerful new antibiotic molecule.] Why does this matter? The answer is antibiotic resistance. This happens when bacteria developed the ability to survive the medications designed to kill them.
[Q10:Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to health, and the problem is growing. This makes finding new antibiotics very important.] However, in recent decades, very few have been developed that have tend to be very similar to drugs already available. These searches also tend to only focus on a narrow spectrum of chemical compounds, but this is where artificial intelligence comes in. Why? To find new drugs, scientists, screen molecules to predict how effective they might be. Typically, such screening is done by humans in the lab, which is both costly and slow. [Q11: Artificial intelligence is different. It's fast, and it can process a high volume. It can screen hundreds of millions of compounds to identify a few interesting candidates that require experimental testing. Artificial intelligence is also able to predict if compounds are likely to be toxic.] Some experts assert that this work signifies a paradigm shift in antibiotic discovery. It could change drug discovery more generally.
Question 9 What have researchers done for the first time in history?
Question 10 what makes it important to find new antibiotic drugs?
Question11 What does the passage say artificial intelligence is able to do in antibiotic research?
Passage 2
A recent study overturned what we think we know about lying. Most of us have a theory about how to tell if someone is telling a lie. We may develop that theory from observations of those people, we know well and see regularly. But we tend to generalize what we gather from that unscientific daily research and make it a universal theory. [Q12:So we might imagine that liars have evasive eyes or the opposite, they simply stare at you, or perhaps it is more generally nervous behavior we associate with lies.
Whatever the particular theory, it's usually based on close observation of people we know.1 And we get lots of practice. On average, we are lied to some 200 times per day. [Q13: These are mostly harmless lies,) but lies are the lies. But there's a problem with our theories, even though they're based on all this observation. [Q14; The average person, you and me tested rigorously on how well we detect lives fails to do better than chance.]
That's well established over many studies and lots of attempts by researchers to work out, reliable ways to detect lies. It's even relatively easy to fool, lie detectors. The gold standard of lie detection by training
yourself in breathing techniques and symptom suppression. Is there any way to get better at detecting lies? [Q15: The new research offers somesurprising advice, stop looking and listen instead. It turns out that if we'reunable to see the face, but rather focus on the voice of the person in
question. Our accuracy rate improves considerably.]
Question 12 According to the passage, how do most people detect lying?
Question 13 What does the passage say about most lies?
Question 14 What have many studies uncovered about the average persons lie detection?
Question 15 What advice does the new research offer regarding lie detection?
Recording Two
There are probably teams you've worked with that you never want to work with again. But there must have also been other teams that you would prize reuniting with professionally. In other words, your team had vitality. [19]Vitality comes about when the tires people form with their fellow team members are such that they stay connected even after the team breaks up. What characteristics of a team make its members more likely to stay in contact despite no longer working together.
This question has been answered recently in a study published in a business journal. [20] One of the two key factors the research team discovered is sameness, specifically sharing the same gender or ethnic origin. The more members of a team share similar demographics, the more inclined they'll be to remain
associates long after the team has served its purpose. After ties are established, similarity strengthens them. As a result, they regard these individuals with greater trust and mutual understanding, which motivates them to seek further opportunities for collaboration. In effect, people tend to create
stronger and longer lasting connections with similar others. Someone who looks and sounds different from us may have the resources we need to be more successful. Yet we find them to be significantly less credible, simply because they are different. If you are a fierce advocate of workplace diversity, you'll no doubt be horrified by such a revelation.
[20]The second factor identified by the researchers is the quality of the relationships among the team members. The more they trust one another, share the same goals, and depend on each other for the achievement of those goals, the stronger their chances of maintaining their connections, despite no longer working as one team. Teams with quality relationships, a shared belief that it's safe to take risks with each other, and that members are obliged to share the workload and help out.
From personal experience. I can see both the truth and the inconsistency of such studies. The truth is some of my closest friendships were formed as a result of having worked together on teams. And I actively seek opportunities to work with them again.
[21]Inconsistency, though, is that I've never worked for a team more successful and cohesive than the one of which I'm a member right now And yet the four of us have very little in common and are completely different demographically. So I'm unlikely to question the value of a diverse workforce.
Questions, 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have justheard.
Question 19. What does the speakers say about a team with vitality?
Question 20. What do the researchers find out about members of a team?
Question 21. What do we learn about the team the speaker is currently working in?
Recording 3
An American researcher who studied 600 millionaires found how rich you can get comes down to six wealth factors. She found that six behaviors are related to net worth potential, regardless of age or income.
These were thriftiness, confidence, responsibility, planning, focus, and social indifference.
Being thrifty comes as no great surprise.
Spending above your means spending instead of saving for retirement. spending in anticipation of becoming wealthy makes you a slave to the paycheck.
(22) “Even with an astronomical level of income,” she wrote,“to properly build wealth,experts recommend saving 20% of your income and living off the remaining 80%.”
Having confidence is another key characteristic, as it helps people to be thrifty.
It takes confidence to live within your means.
It also takes confidence to invest properly, instead of making investing decisions with your emotions.
(23) Financial planners advise that you should leave your investments alone and focus on a long term investment plan.
But people can't invest or manage their own money without accepting responsibility for the outcomes.
Many millionaires take on personal responsibility and most also happen to be self-made,meaning they didn't acquire their wealth through luck.
Millionaires don't count on anyone else to make them rich. (24) And they don't blame anyone else, if they fall short.
They focus on things they can control and align their daily habits to the goals they have set for themselves.
They tend to be goal oriented and hard workers, which enables them to plan financially and focus on seeing those plans through.
92% of the millionaire surveyed, developed a long term plan for their money. And 97% almost always achieved the goals they set for themselves.
And it is these behaviors that make it easy for them to be socially indifferent.
(25)They resist lifestyle creep, the tendency to spend more whenever one earns more.
Essentially they don't yield to pressure to buy the latest thing or to keep up with others or
what they have acquired instead of being focused on what might make them happy today,
they're focused on their long term wealth building plan.
Q22. What do experts recommend concerning being thrifty?
Q23. How does confidence help people to be thrifty?
Q24.How do millionaires react when they fail in their investment?
Q25.Why does the speaker say millionaires are socially indifferent?
星火英语版：
01 作文部分
第一套
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “Nowadays more and more people keep learning new skills to adapt to a fast-changing world.”You can make comments,use examples,or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Nowadays more and more people keep learning new skills to adapt to a fast-changing world. It’s undoubtedly true that technology is developing rapidly and our society is under constant change and advancement. As far as I am concerned, the importance of learning new skills can be seen in the following aspects.
Only through by learning new skills ,can people keep pace with the changing world. For one thing, learning new skills is essential for college students. University serves as a place where students are constantly absorbing new knowledge and expanding their horizons.Those who arm themselves with knowledge and can constantly learn new skills will stand out when applying for jobs. For another, employees have to engage in lifelong learning, and acquire new competencies to adapt to the constantly increasing demands of the fast-changing work.
Lifelong learning has been a hot word for a long time. We cannot emphasize the importance of learning new skills too much. Therefore, we have to learn as much knowledge as possible and never forget to learn new skills.
第二套
题目：Nowadays more and more people take delight in offering help to the needy.
To Help the Needy
Nowadays more and more people take delight in offering help to the needy. It has been identified as a popular trend in our society so that we can often see relevant news. As far as I am concerned, there are several reasons accounting for this phenomenon.
To begin with, helping others, especially those in need, is pushing forward with the advancement of the society. Only all the citizens are delighted to help the disadvantaged group, can an favourable environment be fostered and a friendly society be realized soon. Secondly, we have been emphasized the importance of carrying and developing our traditional virtues. As is known to all, it’s not only one of the traditional virtues of China, but also an obligation for us today to help others to overcome difficulties and get through a tough time.
From what has been discussed above, one thing for certain is to provide help to the needy is what we are doing and we should do in the future. At the end, we will succeed in creating a harmonious society.
第三套
Nowadays more and more people choose to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle. According to a recent survey conducted by CCTV, a high proportion of 59.4 percent of people started to pay more attention to environmental protection.
There may be a combination of factors which can explain this considerable progress. A large-scale education campaign was launched to inform the public that many people especially those in poverty-stricken areas are still suffering from starvation or resource exhaustion. As a result, more civilians realized the seriousness of the situation and thus wanted to do something by leading an environmental-friendly lifestyle. The wide popularity of new energy vehicles is an example. By shifting from traditional automobiles to more environmental-friendly ones, individuals reduced the exhaust emission which is detrimental to the environment.
In brief, taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that environmental protection is everybody’s duty and thanks to the combined efforts of all people, we can surely have a greener future.
02 听力部分
第一套
1. A) He is a staff writer.
2.B) They are curious and autonomous.
3.C)He gives them encouragement.
4.A)Her tastes in books changed.
5. D) She is a successful entrepreneur.
6. D) They were mostly failures.
7. C) She could not find clothes of her size.
8. D) Expand her business.
9.A)Utilizing artificial intelligence to find a powerful new antibiotic.
10. B) Bacteria's resistance to antibiotics.
11. B) Predict whether compounds are toxic.
12.C) By observation.
13.D) They are harmless
14.A) Mostly by chance.
15.B) Listening carefully to the speaker
16. A) They don't treat patients with due respect.
17. D) Note down the names of all the doctors and nurses.
18. C) Passive.
19.C) Its members stay in touch even after it breaks up.
20.B) Their similarity is conducive to future collaboration.
21.A) It is catheterized by diversity.
22.A) Putting aside twenty percent of one’s earnings.
23.D) It enables them to focus on long-term investments.
24.D) They persist rather than get discouraged.
25.B）They do not try to keep up with others.
03 阅读部分
第一套
选词填空
（1）文章开头
开头：The city of Bath was found by the Romans...
（2）答案
【答案速查】26-30 ABKHJ 31-35 GLIEF
26. A) aesthetically
27. B) constructed
28. K) principally
29. H) natural
30. J) previous
31. G) legitimate
32. L) remedy
33. I) offspring
34. E) flocked
35. F) incorporates
长篇阅读
（1）文章标题
标题：The Doctor Will Skype You Now
（2）答案速查
36-40 EBJDK 41-45 FCGAH
（3）题干、答案和定位处
36. Some children on the remote islands won't eat their meals because they are fed cheap junk food.
36.E 【定位】The mothers are concerned they are dealing with indigestion, but it's because they are feeding the children packaged chips which are cheap and convenient.
37. Unlike other parts of Bangladesh, the number of women who die from giving birth remains high on the river islands.
37. B 【定位】There are no doctors within miles, and while child mortality and maternal death have gone down in the rest of the country, this is not the case for the islands.
38. One big problem many islanders have is that they can't afford the prescribed medicines, even with discounts offered.
38. J【定位】The organizations are linked to local pharmacies and offer discounts to the patients and make sure to prescribe the most cost-effective brands, but still many residents can't afford even that.
39. TD is a virtual medical service financially supported by one of the nation's nonprofit organizations.
39. D【定位】It is funded by a nonproft organization founded by Bangladeshi entrepreneurs, finance and technology professionals.
40. TD doctors are welcome to the islanders because they treat the sick with respect and patience.
40. K【定位】The reason, explains one resident, might be the simple gesture of treating the island inhabitants with respect.
41. Women islanders tend to have health problems early partly because they get married and give birth early.
41. F 【定位】Early marriage and young motherhood, which are prevalent in these parts of Bangladesh, also contribute to the early onset of health problems.
42. TD doctors make weekly visits to the remote islands to provide services at a temporary medical center.
42. C 【定位】Every week, TD's medical operators travel to the islands by boat, …. They choose an area of the island with the best Internet reception and set up a makeshift (临时凑合的) medical center which consists of plastic stools and small tables borrowed from the locals' homes
43. TD doctors provide the islanders with online diagnoses and treatments for common diseases.
43. G【定位】TD doctors are not meant to treat serious illnesses or conditions that require a doctor to be physically present, such as pregnancy. But they can write prescriptions, diagnose common ailments - including digestive issues, joint pain, skin diseases, fever and the common cold -and refer patients to doctors at local hospitals.
44. The residents of the river islands have to keep moving their homes because of floods and land erosions.
44. A 【定位】These islands are low-lying, temporary sand islands that are continuously formed and destroyed through sand buildup and erosion. They are home to over six million people, who face repeated displacement from flooding and erosion——which may be getting worse because of climate change
45. Women islanders usually rely on their husbands to get some medicines for them without diagnoses and prescriptions.
45. H 【定位】It can get expensive to travel to the doctor, so usually the women living on the islands describe their illness to their husbands. The husbands then go to the pharmacy, try to describe the issue and return home with some random medicines.
Passage One
（1）文章开头
Selective colleges and universities in the U.S. are under fire for being too elite and too expensive, and for not training graduates for the world of work.
（2）答案
【答案速查】 46-50 BACDB
（3）题干、答案选项内容及定位：
46. What fact does the author emphasize concerning selective colleges and universities?
B) They have been doing well in ensuring their students a successful future.
【定位】第一段末句Such charges ignore the fact that these institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work, for thoughtful engagement in civic life, for lifelong learning, and for understanding the world and those with whom they live.
47. What does the author say in arguing for the model of education in the U.S.?
A) It has contributed substantially to the nation’s overall development.
【定位】第二段末句This model of education has long played a central role in creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring innovation.
48. What do we learn about the initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill?
C) They would have added to many students’ financial burden.
【定位】第三段中The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many by taxing tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interest.
49. What do the data show about elite colleges and universities?
D) Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in.
【定位】第五段中 The data are clear: a liberal arts education is great career preparation, both for excellent lifetime earnings and for satisfaction with the work. This education develops the skills of critical thinking, rigorous analysis of data and facts, communication with the written and spoken word, understanding of cultural differences and issues, and the ability to keep learning. In fact, liberal arts students do extremely well in every imaginable field.
50. What is an advantage of providing financial aid for students?
B) All students can benefit from a diversified student population.
【定位】末段末句Beyond the virtue of access to those who have earned a place at these schools, the diversity of economic backgrounds enhances the education and experience of all of our students.
Passage Two
文章开头：What a group of students
答案速查：51-55 ADACD
51. What does the author intend to show by citing the findings from the report published last year?
A)People seldom appeal to rationality in their thinking.
【定位】第一段第一句：When a group of Australians was asked why they believed climate change was not happening, about 36% said it was "common sense",according to a report published last year by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. 和第二段第一、二句：But what do we mean by an appeal to common sense? Presumably it's an appeal to rationality of some sort that forms the basis of more complex reasoning.
52. What is the appeal to common sense according to the author?
D)It is something subjective based on what one perceives to be right.
【定位】第二段第三句：The appeal to common sense, however, is usually nothing more than an appeal to thinking that just feels right, but what feels right to one person may not feel right to another.
53. What does Daniel Kahneman think is the problem of testing new ideas with existing beliefs?
A) It may lead to incorrect judgment.
【定位】第三段第二句：As Nobelist Daniel Kahneman notes in Thinking Fast and Slow,when we arrive at conclusions in this way, the outcomes also feel true, regardless of whether they are.
54. What can we do to be less susceptible to cognitive biases?
C) Establish socially shared cognition via scientific methods.
【定位】第五段：One way we can check our internal biases and inconsistencies is through the social verification of knowledge,in which we test our ideas in a rigorous and systematic way to see if they make sense not just to us,but to other people.The outstanding example of this socially shared cognition is science.
55. What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?
D)Collaborative efforts can overcome individuals' limitations in scientific inquiry.
【定位】第七段：In matters of science at least,those who value their common sense over methodological, collaborative investigation imagine themselves to be more free in their thinking,unbound by involvement with the group.but in reality they are tightly bound by their capabilities and perspectives.We are smarter together than we are individually, and perhaps that's just common sense.
第二套
选词填空26-35
（1）文章开头
开头：thinking kind thoughts...
（2）答案
【答案速查】26-30 GBFAN 31-35 CMDLE
26.G correlation
27.B amiably
28.F connected
29.A adversely
30.N signify
31.C boost
32.M recurrent
33.D cognitive
34.L prone
35.E compassion
长篇阅读
文章题目：Saving Our Planet
答案速查：36-40 F B H D K 41-45 C G A J E
36 [F] 定位句：To some extent, they are right: climate change has already destroyed tens of thousands of livelihoods;
37 [B] 定位句：It would take more than three centuries before scientist began to understand that timber production is not the only and possibly not the most important function of forests.
38 [H] 定位句：Scientific evidence that we are living in an era of climate change, resource exhaustion and potential ecological disaster is overwhelming.
39 [D] 定位句：It was not until the 1940s that the concept of the environment embracing all living and nonliving things developed.
40 [K] 定位句：The concept of slow hope suggests that we can’t expect things to change overnight. If the ever-faster exhaustion of natural resources and the shrinking of the present are urgent problems of humans, then cutting down on exhaustive practices and working towards a stretching of the present’ will be ways to move forward.
41. [C] 定位句：Recent years have seen a big change in our view of forests.
42. [G] 定位句：The current crisis is not the first that humans have encountered, and a look at the struggles with pollution in recent history reveals transformations that once seemed unimaginable.
43. [A] 定位句：The idea of preserving resources came out of a concern for the future: a fear of using up resources faster than they could be replenished (补充).
44. [J] 定位句：But if we believe that nothing can be changed, then we are giving up our opportunity to act.
45. [E] 定位句：The search for an adequate response to climate change occupies centre stage in international diplomacy.
Passage one
文章开头Since American idol star Taryn Southern started composing music with AI in 2017, musicians all over the world have begun wondering about the implications of AI and modern technology where music production is concerned.
【答案】46-50 BAADB
46. B) It would be detrimental to music production.
47. A) AI technology is conducive to music composition.
48. A) Music produced with AI technology lacks humanness.
49. D) It is human specific。
50. B) It has the prospect of becoming the norm in the future.
Passage Two
文章开头: A few weeks ago, a well-meaning professor tried to explain...
【答案速查】51-55 B C D C D
51. [B] It is a necessary means to improve their understanding of scientific issues.
52. [C] Turn to a specialist for professional help.
53. [D] The public’s understanding of science is much better than some have claimed.
54. [C] A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator.
55. [D] Develop communication skills.
04 翻译部分
翻译赵州桥
赵州桥建于隋朝，公元605年左右，长50.82米，宽9.6米，跨度37.37米。天才建筑师李春设计并监督了桥的建设。赵州桥结构新颖、造型优美。桥有一个大拱，在大拱的两端各有两个小拱，帮助排泄洪水、减轻桥梁重量并节省石材。建成以来，该桥经受了多次洪水和地震，但其主体结构仍然完好无损，至今仍在使用。赵州桥是世界桥梁建筑史上的一项创举，是中国古代文明史上的一项杰出成就。类似设计的桥梁直到14世纪才在欧洲出现，比赵州桥晚了700多年。
The Zhaozhou Bridge, built in the Sui Dynasty around 605, is 50.82 meters long, 9.6 meters wide and 37.37 meters across. The talented architect Li Chun designed and supervised the bridge's construction. The Zhaozhou Bridge boasts a novel structure and beautiful shape. The bridge has a large arch with two smaller arches at each end to help drain flood, reduce the weight of the bridge and save stone. Since its completion, the bridge has withstood numerous floods and earthquakes, but its main structure remains intact and is still utilized today. The Zhaozhou Bridge is a pioneering undertaking in the history of bridge construction in the world and an outstanding achievement in the history of ancient Chinese civilization. Bridges with similar design did not appear in Europe until the 14th century, over 700 years after the Zhaozhou Bridge.
南京长江大桥
南京长江大桥是长江上首座由中国设计、采用国产材料建造的铁路、公路两用桥，
上层的4车道公路桥长4589米，下层的双轨道铁路桥长6772米。铁路桥连接原来的天津一
浦口和上海一南京两条铁路线， 使火车过江从过去一个半小时缩短为现在的2分钟。大桥
是南北交通的重要枢纽，也是南京的著名景点之一。
南京长江大桥的建成标志着中国桥梁建设的一个飞跃，大大方便了长江两岸的物资
交流和人员来往，对促进经济发展和改善人民生活起到了巨大作用。
The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is the first railway and highway dual-purpose bridge over the Yangtze river designed by China and built with domestic materials. The upper four-lane highway bridge is 4,589 meters long, while the lower double-track railway bridge is 6,772 meters long. The railway bridge connects the former Tianjin-Pukou and Shanghai-Nanjing railway lines, shortening the railway crossing time from one and a half hours in the past to two minutes now. The bridge is an important junction of north-south traffic and one of the famous scenic spots in Nanjing.
The completion of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge marked a great leap forward in China's bridge construction, greatly facilitating the exchange of goods and personnel between the two sides of the Yangtze River, and playing a huge role in promoting economic development and improving people's lives.
卢沟桥位于天安门广场西南15公里处，横跨永定河，是北京现存最古老的多拱石桥。卢沟桥最初建成于1192年，1698年重建，由281根柱子支撑。每根柱子上都有一头石狮。这些石狮的头、背、腹部或爪子上都藏着更多的狮子。这些石狮生动逼真，千姿百态，是卢沟桥石雕艺术的精品。桥上的石狮不计其数，因而北京地区流传着 "卢沟桥上的狮子——数不清"的说法。
卢沟桥不仅以其美学特征闻名于世，还被公认为是石桥建筑史上的一座丰碑
Located 15 kilometers southwest of Tiananmen Square, Lugou Bridge spans the Yongding River and is the oldest surviving multi-arch stone bridge in Beijing The original construction of the bridge was completed in 1192 and then in 1698 the bridge was reconstructed.It is supported by 281 pillars and on each pillar stands a stone lion. There are more lions hiding on the head, back or under the belly or on paws of each lion. These stone lions are vivid and realistic, with a variety of postures, and are the fine art of stone carving in Lugou Bridge. It is often said in Beijing ''there are countless lions on the Lugou Bridge”since there are so many stone lions on the bridge.Lugou Bridge is not only famous for its aesthetic features, but also recognized as a monument in the history of stone bridge architecture.
有道版：
Part I Writing (30minutes)
(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)
写作一
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the
sentence "Nowadays more and more people keep learning new skills to adapt to a fastchanging world." You can make comments, cite examples, or use your personal experiences
to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
范文：
In modern society with an accelerated and fast-changing world, competition is almost
everywhere whether you are in the job market or taking a public exam. The past several years
have witnessed a sharp increase in the number of skills provided for college students who seek
to find a decent job.
From my perspective, it is of great necessity for college students to equip with more
practical skills, and individual ability plays a more important role. To begin with, knowledge
and ability are crucial for employees’ survival. If a company wants to flourish, it needs new
talents who can provide novel insights. Multi-skills enable one to fit into the evolving society.
In the long run, the new recruits can definitely bring companies much revenue. Moreover,
compound talents are needed in society and college students must study continually to keep
abreast with the times.
To sum up, keeping a continuous learning attitude and following the evolving society are
two possible ways to tackle the fast-changing and updating world which is now prevalent in
modern society. The time is right for us to take advantage of ample existing opportunities to
meet tomorrow.
写作二
Part I Writing (30minutes)
(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the
sentence “Nowadays more an id more people take delight in offering help to the needy.”
You can make comments, cite examples, or use your personal experiences to develop your
essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
In modern society with a more civilized society, moral obligation is stronger whether you
are in public or Internet. The past several years have witnessed a sharp increase in the number
of news coverages admiring the spirit of doing boldly what is righteous.
From my perspective, although initiatives to help are encouraging, it is of great necessity
for social stability to provide the right help to the needy. There are some suggestions to support
someone. To begin with, what has worked for someone before may not work for the next person.
We all need to be mindful of discrepancies in characteristics, home situations, and capacities
when we are trying to target the best possible way we can help. Moreover, it can be
uncomfortable for some introverted people to accept our help. Therefore, we should pay special
attention to developing friendships with them, and identify the help they really need.
By and large, I personally argue that reaching out to people should be properly and
righteously. The mass media should also join in the efforts in educating the citizens. Only
through concerted steps can our society have more peace and harmony.
写作三
Part I Writing (30minutes)
(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the
sentence “Nowadays more and more people choose to live an environmentally friendly
lifestyle.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop
your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
In recent years, as China is marked by rapid economic growth and continuous technological
innovation, people’s living standard has been very much improved. Therefore, we are more
concerned about how to enhance an environment-friendly society.
From my perspective, it is of great necessity and popularity to conserve and protect our
natural resources and individual actions play a more important role. There are some sustainable
living ideas to get us started. To begin with, do not waste food. An examination reveals that
millions of tons of food are wasted in the world every year. This isn’t just a huge waste of food
and money, but it adds to the amount of CO2 being created in landfills. Moreover, energy
conservation is one of the most important things we can do to reduce our carbon footprint.
Leaving our electrical on standby wastes energy—turn the switch off when not needed.
To sum up, saving food and energy are two possible ways to adapt to the environmentfriendly values which are now prevalent in modern society. The time is right for us to make a
change and create a better world for future generations.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese
into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
翻译一
南京长江大桥是长江上首座由中国设计、采用国产材料建造的铁路、公路两用桥，上层
的 4 车道公路桥长 4589 米，下层的双轨道铁路桥长 6772 米。铁路桥连接原来的天津浦口和上海一南京两条铁路线，使火车过江从过去一个半小时缩短为现在的 2 分钟。大
桥是南北交通枢纽也是南京的著名景点之一。
南京长江大桥的示志着中国桥梁建设的一个飞跃，大大方便了长江两岸的物资交流和人
员来往，对促进经济发展和改善人民生活起到了巨大作用。
The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is the first Chinese-designed, dual-purpose railway and
highway bridge on the Yangtze River built with domestic materials. The upper level of the 4-
lane highway bridge is 4,589 meters long, while the lower level of the double-track railway
bridge is 6,772 meters long. The railway bridge connects the original Tianjin-Pukou and
Shanghai-Nanjing railway lines, shortening the train crossing from an hour and a half in the
past to 2 minutes now. The bridge is an important hub for north-south traffic and one of the
famous attractions of Nanjing.
The establishment of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge marked a leap forward in bridge
construction in China, greatly facilitating the exchange of goods and people between the two
sides of the Yangtze River and playing a huge role in promoting economic development and
improving people's lives.
翻译二
沟桥位于天安门广场西南 15 公里处，横跨永定河，是北京现存最古老的多拱石桥。卢
沟桥最初建成于 1192 年，1698 年重建，由 281 根柱子支撑。每根柱子上都有一头石狮。
这些石狮的头、背、腹部或爪子上都藏着更多的狮子。这些石狮生动逼真、千安百志卢
沟桥石刻艺术的精品。桥上的石狮不计其数，因而北京地区流传着“卢沟桥上的狮子--数
不清”的说法。
卢沟桥不仅以美学特征闻名于世，还被公认为石桥建筑史上的一座丰碑。
Located 15 kilometers southwest of Tianmen Square and spanning the Yongding River, Lugou
Bridge is the oldest surviving multi-arch stone bridge in Beijing. Originally built in 1192 and
rebuilt in 1698, the Lugou Bridge is supported by 281 pillars. On each pillar is a stone lion, and
on the head, back, belly, or paws of these stone lions are hidden more lions. These stone lions
are vivid and realistic, with a variety of postures, and are a fine example of the stone carving
art of the Lugou Bridge. There are countless stone lions on the bridge, hence the saying ‘the
stone lions on the Lugou Bridge are too many to count’ in the Beijing area.
The Lugou Bridge is not only famous for its aesthetic features but is also recognized as a
monument in the history of stone bridge architecture.
翻译三
赵州桥建于隋朝，公元 605 年左右，长 50.82 米，宽 9.6 米，跨度 37.37 米。天才建筑
师李春设计并监督了桥的建设。赵州桥结构新颖、造型优美。桥有一个大拱，在大拱的
两端各有两个小拱，帮助排泄洪水、减轻桥梁重量并节省石材。建成以来，该桥经受了
多次洪水和地震，但其主体结构仍然完好无损，至今仍在使用。赵州桥是世界桥梁建筑
史上的 一项创举，是中国古代文史上的一项杰出成就。类似设计的桥梁直到 14 世纪才
有欧洲出现，比赵州桥晚了 700 多年。
The Zhaozhou Bridge was built in the Sui Dynasty, around 605 AD. And it is 50.82 meters
long, 9.6 meters wide, and has a span of 37.37 meters. The genius architect Li Chun designed
and supervised the construction of the bridge. The Zhaozhou Bridge is of novel structure and
beautiful shape. It has one large arch and two smaller arches at each end of the large arch to
help drain flood waters, reducing the weight of the bridge and saving the material of stone.
Since its construction, the bridge has withstood many floods and earthquakes, but its main
structure is still intact and still in use today. The Zhaozhou Bridge is an innovation in the world
of bridge construction and outstanding achievement in the history of ancient Chinese literature.
Bridges of similar design did not appear in Europe until the 14th century, more than 700 years
after the Zhaozhou Bridge.
听力题目
Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each
conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be
spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four
choices marked A).B).C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a
single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A)He is a staff writer. C) He is an author of fiction.
B) He is an adventurer. D) He is a father of four kids.
2. A)They are interested in fairy tales. C) They are a headache to their parents.
B) They are curious and autonomous. D) They are ignorant of politics.
3.A) He offers them ample editorial guidance.C) He gives them encouragement
B) He recommends model essays to them. D) He teaches them proofreading.
4. A)Her tastes in books changed.
B) She realized the power of reading
C) Her reading opened her eyes to the world.
D) She began to perceive the world differently.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.A) She is a website designer. C) She is a main street store owner
B) She is a university graduate. D) She is a successful entrepreneur
6. A) They were repeatedly rejected by shops. C)They showed her natural talent.
B) They were popular with her classmates. D) They were mostly failures.
7. A)She had a strong interest in doing it.
B) She did not like ready-made clothes.
C) She could not find clothes of her size. OMA
D) She found clothes in shops unaffordable.
8. A) Study fashion design at college. C)Add designs for women. I ti89
B) Improve her marketing strategy D) Expand her business.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will
hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
A).B).C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line
through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A)Utilizing artificial intelligence to find a powerful new antibiotic
B) Discovering bacteria which are resistant to all known antibiotics. C) Identifying bacterial
strains that are most harmful to human health D) Removing a deadly strain of bacteria in
humans with a new antibiotic
10.A) Ever-increasing strains of bacteria C) The similarity between known drugs.
B) Bacteria’s resistance to antibiotics D) The growing threat of bacteria to health
11. A)Dispense with experimental testing.
B) Predict whether compounds are toxic. C)Foresee human reaction to antibiotics.
D) Combat bacteria's resistance to antibiotics
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12.A) By theorization. C) By observation.
B) By generalization. D) By conversation.
13.A)They are easy to detect. C) They are groundless.
B) They are well intended. D) They are harmless.
14.A) Mostly by chance.
B) Basically objective D) Dependent on their analytical ability
C) Subject to their mental alertness
15.A)Looking the speaker in the eye.
B) Listening carefully to the speaker. C)Measuring the speaker's breathing rate.
D) Focusing on the speaker’s facial expressions
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings oflectures or talks followed by
three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. Afier you hear a question, you
must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B) C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) They don’t treat patients with due respect
B) They witness a lot of doctor-patient conflicts. C) They have to deal with social workers’
strikes. D) They don't care how much patients have to pay
17.A) Appear submissive and grateful to doctors and nurses.
B) Express a strong desire to be consulted or informed. C) Refrain from saying anything that
sounds negative. D) Note down the names of all the doctors and nurses.
18.A) Cooperative. C) Passive.
B) Appreciative D) Responsive.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) Its members work together despite risks of failure.
B) It prioritizes recruiting young energetic members. C) Its members stay in touch even after it
breaks up. D) It grows more and more mature professionally.
20.A) Their differences are likely to impact productivity.
B) Their similarity is conducive to future collaboration. C) Their connections strengthen with
the passage of time. D) Their mutual understanding stems from a common goal.
21.A)It is characterized by diversity. C) Its members have similar backgrounds.
B)Its goals are quite inconsistent. D) It is connected by a unique mechanism.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22. A) Putting aside twenty percent of one’s eanings
B) Spending in anticipation of becoming wealthy. C) Living off a small proportion of one’s
income. D) Saving as much as one can possibly manage.
23.A) It empowers them to cope with irrational emotions.
B) It will guarantee the profits from their investments. C) It will turn them into successful
financial planners. D) It enables them to focus on long-term investments.
24.A) They count on others to take the responsibility
B) They change their investment strategy in time. C) They think they themselves are to blame
D) They persist rather than get discouraged.
25. A)They do not resist novel lifestyles
B) They do not try to keep up with others C) They do not care what they have acquired.
D) They do not pressure themselves to get rich
听力原文
conversation 1
W: (1) Mr. David Jackson Youdao, a staff writer at the New Yorker is known for his non-fiction
books of adventure. Today we go on a different kind of adventure. Jackson's life of parenting
his offspring. David, as a parent of an 11 and a 14-year-old, what is the most interesting issue
you are dealing with right now?
M: It's easy to focus on the challenges, but so far I find these ages to be kind of wonderful.
(2) They are independent and they have their own curiosities and obsessions. You can talk to
them about fairly sophisticated subject matter, such as politics.
W: Yes. That does sound refreshing compared with talking to younger children. Do they ask
you to proofread their essays?
M: Certainly, with writing, they do. (3) I really just try to be encouraging. I think at this age,
editorial guidance is less important than encouragement.
W: Are there books that you think are important that your children read and that all children
read?
M: My general thought is to read widely and to incorporate a love for reading. Learning to love
to read, I think is the optimal thing, because it gives you a skill you can take anywhere.
W: So, you are not too concerned like some parents with the content they're reading. I know I
have some worries about that.
M: Yeah. Read what you like. If a child loves graphic novels or comic books, whatever it is
that is turning them on to read and turning on their imagination.
W: (4) I feel that children's tastes in books change as they reach adolescence. I know that mine
certainly did when I was a teenager. What do you think?
M: I think it's especially important as they get older to read subject matter that will open their
eyes to the world and people. So, I think both fiction and non-fiction are really important
because they give you the power to begin to perceive the world through the lives of others.
Q1.
What do we learn about David Youdao from the conversation?
Q2.
What does the man think of young teenagers?
Q3.
How does the man help his kids with their essays?
Q4.
What does the woman say about herself when she was a teenager?
KEYS:
1) A He is a staff writer.
2) B They are curious and autonomous.
3) C He gives them encouragement.
4) A Her tastes in books changed.
conversation 2
M: In this episode of money talks, (5)our guest is Molly Sanders, a university student and a
successful young entrepreneur. Molly, tell us about your business.
W: Well, I sell specialty clothes through a website, mainly for women who have trouble finding
suitable clothes in main street shops because of their height or weight, but I do some men's
clothes too.
M: How did you get started in this business at such a young age? Are you studying fashion
design?
W: Actually I'm majoring in finance, but I've always loved clothes, and I started making my
own at 14.
M: Did you have any sort of training in design or sewing or was it a natural ability?
W: I'd have to say no to both. No one taught me to make clothes. (6)And most of the things I
made at first were disasters.
M: Why did you persevere? I think most people would give up if they kept failing, especially
at that age.
W: (7)I kept on out of necessity. As you can see, I'm very tall and I couldn't find clothes that fit
me in ordinary shops, so I kept trying and developed my skills over time.
M: Well, my notes say you earned $50,000 in profits last year, an extraordinary amount for a
20-year-old student. How did that happen? Did you see a gap in the market and decide to fill
it?
W: No. When I started university, some classmates complimented my clothes, and when I said
I made them myself, other tall women started asking if I would make theirs and I did, and before
I knew it, I was an entrepreneur.
M: So what are your plans for the future? Do you intend to open a physical.
W: No, I'll keep things online to keep costs down, but I will add more clothes for children, both
girls and boys, and possibly even for infants. And I hope to add to my range of designs for men.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q5
What do we learn about the woman?
Q6
What does the woman say about the clothes she made first?
Q7
Why did the woman persevere in making clothes for herself?
Q8
What does the woman plan to do in the future?
Keys:
5) D She is a successful entrepreneur.
6) D They were mostly failures.
7) C She could not found clothes of her size.
8) D Expand her business.
passage 1
Researchers have identified a potent new antibiotic compound using artificial intelligence. The
antibiotic can kill very dangerous bacteria. According to a study published in the journal cell,
the compound successfully removed deadly strains of bacteria in mice, which are resistant to
all known antibiotics.
9. The researchers say this is the first time that artificial intelligence has been used to find a
powerful new antibiotic molecule. Why does this matter? The answer is antibiotic resistance.
This happens when bacteria develop the ability to survive the medications designed to kill them.
10. Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to health and the problem is growing. This makes
finding new antibiotics very important. However, in recent decades, very few have been
developed and those that have tend to be very similar to drugs already available. These searches
also tend to only focus on a narrow spectrum of chemical compounds, but this is where artificial
intelligence comes in.
有道考神
Why? To find new drugs, scientists, screen molecules, to predict how effective they might be.
Typically, such screening is done by humans in the lab, which is both costly and slow. Artificial
intelligence is different. It's fast, and it can process a high volume. It can screen hundreds of
millions of compounds to identify a few interesting candidates that require experimental testing.
11. Artificial intelligence is also able to predict if compounds are likely to be toxic. Some
experts assert that this work signifies a paradigm shift in antibiotic discovery. It could change
drug discovery more general.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
Question 9. What have researchers done for the first time in history?
Question 10. What makes it important to find new antibiotic drugs?
Question 11. What does the passage say Artificial intelligence is able to do in antibiotic research?
KEYs:
1. A. Utilizing artificial intelligence to find a powerful new antibiotic.
2. B. Bacteria's resistance to antibiotics.
3. B. Predict whether compounds are toxic.
passage 2
A recent study overturned what we think we know about lying. Most of us have a theory about
how to tell if someone is telling a lie. We may develop that theory (12) from observations of
those people we know well and see regularly. But we tend to generalize what we gather from
that unscientific daily research and make it a universal theory
So we might imagine that liars have evasive eyes or the opposite. They simply stare at you, or
perhaps it is more generally nervous behavior we associate with lies. Whatever the particular
theory it's usually based on close observation of people we know. And we get lots of practice.
On average, we're lied to some 200 times per day.
These are mostly harmless lies, but lies nonetheless. But there's a problem with our theories,
even though they're based on all this observation. The average person, you and me, tested
rigorously on how well we detect lies, fails to do better than chance. That's well established
over many studies, and lots of attempts by researchers to work out reliable ways to detect lies.
It's even relatively easy to fool lie detectors, the gold standard of lie detection by training
yourself in breathing techniques and symptom suppression. Is there any way to get better at
detecting lies? The new research offers some surprising advice. Stop looking and listen instead.
It turns out that if we're unable to see the face, but rather focus on the voice of the person in
question, our accuracy rate improves considerably.
Q12
According to the passage, how do most people detect lying?
Q13
What does the passage say about most lies?
Q14
What have many studies uncovered about the average person's lie detection?
Q15
What advice does the new research offer regarding lie detection?
KEYS:
12) C By observation.
13) D They are harmless.
14) A Most by chance
15) B Listening carefully to the speaker.
lecture 1
Recording one
Appear to be submissive, humble, grateful, and undemanding show great pleasure when a
doctor comes into your room, even if the visit is brief and useless. Don't challenge anyone with
authority, unless you are famous or very rich. Those are a few strategies for dealing with today's
American medical establishment.
What patients want is to be treated with respect and consideration. But in my experience, too
few hospitals and doctors are ready to do that. In his book, A Whole New Life, novelist Reynolds
Price recalls that his doctors chose a crowded hallway as the place to tell him he might have a
tumor on his spinal cord.
It did not occur to the two physicians that a hallway was not the most appropriate place for that
particular piece of news. My surgeon, who is in his mid-thirties, looks tired. He has been
overwhelmed with patients who have fallen on the winter ice. He is a witty man, but sometimes
his wit is unwelcome.
“The health insurance company, Blue Cross, wants me to put you out in the snow tomorrow
afternoon”, he tells me after I have been in the hospital for more than a week. I'm terrified
because I have no idea where to go. I cannot walk or even lift my leg a few inches. The hospital's
social worker strikes me as an idiot, but my complaints about her only annoy my surgeon.
“I have to work with these people”, He tells my friend, Dr. Karen Bradney when she mercifully
intervenes on my behalf and arranges for me to be transferred to another hospital. “If you say
one negative thing, they get defensive”, She tells me later. They have this kind of institutional
loyalty-- always bring an advocate, that is any other person with you to the hospital and write
down every single question and the answer, the name of every doctor and nurse. When people
know you have their names, they behave better. And Bruin adds, if you, as a patient suggests
that you might li
are considered difficult.
They want you to be totally passive. The entire healthcare system, particularly hospitals and
nursing homes exists for reasons that have nothing to do with taking care of patients. Patients
are incidental.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Question 16
What does the speaker say about most American hospitals?
Question 17
What does Karen Briney suggest patients do?
Question 18
What do American doctors expect their patients to be according to Karen Briney?
Keys:
16) A They don't treat patients with due respect.
17) C Refrain from saying anything that sounds negative.
18) C Passive.
lecture 2
There are probably teams you've worked with that you never want to work with again, but there
must have also been other teams that you would prize reuniting with professionally. In other
words, your team had vitality. (19)Vitality comes about when the ties people form with their
fellow team members are such that they stay connected even after the team breaks up. What
characteristics of a team make its members more likely to stay in contact despite no longer
working together?
This question has been answered recently in a study published in a business journal. One of the
two key factors the research team discovered is sameness, specifically sharing the same gender
or ethnic origin. The more members of a team share similar demographics, the more inclined
they'll be to remain associates long after the team has served its purpose. (20)After ties are
established, similarity strengthens then. As a result, they regard these individuals with greater
trust and mutual understanding, which motivates them to seek further opportunities for
collaboration.
In effect, people tend to create stronger and longer lasting connections with similar others.
Someone who looks and sounds different from us may have the resources we need to be more
success. Yet, we find them to be significantly less credible, simply because they are different.
If you are a fierce advocate of workplace diversity, you'll no doubt be horrified by such a
revelation.
The second factor identified by the researchers is the quality of the relationships among the
team members. The more they trust one another, share the same goals and depend on each other
for the achievement of those goals, the stronger their chances of maintaining their connections,
despite no longer working as one team. Teams with quality relationships, have a shared belief
that it's safe to take risks with each other, and that members are obliged to share the workload
and help out.
From personal experience, I can see both the truth and the inconsistency of such studies. The
truth is some of my closest friendships were formed as a result of having worked together on
teams, and I actively seek opportunities to work with them again. The inconsistency though, is
that I've never worked for a team more successful and cohesive than the one of which I'm a
member right now, (21)and yet the four of us have very little in common and are completely
different demographically, so I'm unlikely to question the value of a diverse workforce.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
Q19
What does the speaker say about a team with vitality?
Q20
What do the researchers find out about members of a team?
Q21
What do we learn about the team the speaker is currently working in?
Keys:
C. It's members stay in touch even after it breaks up.
B. Their similarity is conducive to future collaboration.
A It is characterized by diversity.
lecture 3
An American researcher who studied 600 millionaires found how rich you can get comes down
to six wealth factors. She found that six behaviors are related to net worth potential, regardless
of age or income.
These were thriftiness, confidence, responsibility, planning, focus, and social indifference.
Being thrifty comes as no great surprise.
Spending above your means spending instead of saving for retirement. spending in anticipation
of becoming wealthy makes you a slave to the paycheck.
(22) “Even with an astronomical level of income,” she wrote,“to properly build wealth,
experts recommend saving 20% of your income and living off the remaining 80%.”
Having confidence is another key characteristic, as it helps people to be thrifty.
It takes confidence to live within your means.
It also takes confidence to invest properly, instead of making investing decisions with your
emotions.
(23) Financial planners advise that you should leave your investments alone and focus on a
long term investment plan.
But people can't invest or manage their own money without accepting responsibility for the
outcomes.
Many millionaires take on personal responsibility and most also happen to be self-made,
meaning they didn't acquire their wealth through luck.
Millionaires don't count on anyone else to make them rich. (24) And they don't blame anyone
else, if they fall short.
They focus on things they can control and align their daily habits to the goals they have set for
themselves
They tend to be goal oriented and hard workers, which enables them to plan financially and
focus on seeing those plans through.
92% of the millionaire surveyed, developed a long term plan for their money. And 97% almost
always achieved the goals they set for themselves.
And it is these behaviors that make it easy for them to be socially indifferent.
(25)They resist lifestyle creep, the tendency to spend more whenever one earns more.
Essentially they don't yield to pressure to buy the latest thing or to keep up with others or
what they have acquired instead of being focused on what might make them happy today,
they're focused on their long term wealth building plan.
Q22.
What do experts recommend concerning being thrifty?
Q23.
How does confidence help people to be thrifty?
Q24.
How do millionaires react when they fail in their investment?
Q25.
Why does the speaker say millionaires are socially indifferent?
KEYS:
22) A Putting aside 20% of one's earnings.
23) D It enables them to focus on long-term investments.
24) C They think they themselves are to blame.
25) B They do not try to keep up with others.
阅读
选词填空-1 套
Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one
word for each blank from a list ofchoices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by
a letterPlease mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line
through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
The city of Bath was founded by the Romans almost two thousand years ago. It has been famous
for its26pleasing architecture and healing thermal springs ever since.
There are three hot springs in Bath; one is the King’s Springupon which the Roman Baths and
a temple were27The other two are the Cross Spring and the Hetling Spring close to each other
in Hot Bath Street. Although Bath is28known as a Roman and Georgian city, many people
came in the intervening centuries to make use of the29 waters.
While the Georgians made "taking the waters’or bathing particularly fashionable, it was30
generations who paved the way, creating greater interest in Bath and its springs. Charles II.
desperate for an heir and unable to produce a3son. came to Bath to take the waters in the hope
that their magical powers would do something to32the situation. Craving for a male heir James
and Mary both came to Bath and soon after produced a son, which bred many conspiracy
theories about who was the real father of their33_ Regardless, the'miracle’created something
of a boom in tourism for Bath and once Queen Anne had paid a visit in 1702, sealing it as the
place to be, the whole nation 34 to the city.
Afterwards, the spas(矿泉疗养浴场) in Bath continued to go in and out of fashion for more
than 150 years until they closed completely.The new Bath Spa, which opened in
2006.35modern architecture with the ancient spring. now the New Royal Bath.
A)aesthetically I) offspring
B) constructed J) previous
C) designates K)principally
D) extract L)remedy
E) flocked M) rhetorically
F) incorporates N) sneaked
G) legitimate O) versatile
H) natural
参考答案：
26.A aesthetically
27. B constructed
28. K principally
29. H natural
30. J previous
31. G legitimate
32. L remedy
33. I offspring
34. E flocked
35. F incorporates
段落匹配-1 套
Section B
Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph
is marked with a letter:Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2
The Doctor Will Skype You Now
[A] Fazila is a young woman that has been dealing with eczema(湿疹)， a common skin
condition, for the past five years, but never got it treated.The nearest hospital is an hour away,
by boat and bus, and her skin condition didn’t seem serious enough to make the trek, so she
ignored it-until a new technology brought the doctor to her. Fazila lives on one of the remote
river islands in northern Bangladesh.These islands are low-lying,temporary sand islands that
are continuously formed and destroyed through sand buildup and erosion. They are home to
over six million people, who face repeated displacement from flooding and erosion-which may
be getting worse because of climate change-and a range of health risks, including poor
nutrition,malaria(疟疾)and other water-bome diseases.
[B] The most dangerous thing for these remote island dwellers is land erosion.The second is
lack of access to medical supplies and doctorsThere are no doctors within miles, and while
child mortality and maternal death have gone down in the rest of the country, this is not the
case for the islands.The medical situation is so bad that it really takes away from the quality of
their life. Yet for many island inhabitants-some of Bangladesh’s poorest- paying for health care
is a costly ordealVictims of erosion lose their houses, agricultural land and jobs as farmers,
fishermen and day laborers.Though govenment hospitals are free, many people hesitate to go,
citing long commutes, endless lines and questionable diagnoses. For convenience’s sake, onethird of rural households visit unqualified village doctors, who rely on unscientific methods of
treatment, according to a 2016 study in the peer-reviewedjournal Global Health Action.
[C] On the islands, there’s even a colloquial(口头的) expression for the idea of making
medical care your lowest priority: It’s known as“rog pushai rakha” in Bengali, which roughly
translates to “stockpiling their diseases”- waiting to seck medical attention until a condition
becomes extremely serious. Now, a new virtual medical service called Teledaktar (TD) is trying
to make heaith care more easily accessible. Every week,TD's medical operators travel to the
islands by boat, carrying a laptop, a portable printer for prescriptions and tools to run basic
medical screenings such as blood pressure, blood sugar, body temperature and weight. They
choose an area of the island with the best Intenet reception and set up a makeshif(临时凑合的)
medical center which consists of plastic stools and small tables borrowed from the locals’
homes, a tent in case of rain and a shcet that is strung up to give the patients privacy during
their session.
[D] Launched in October 2018, TD has eight centers in towns and villages across rural
Bangladesh and on three islands. It is funded by a nonprofit organization founded by
Bangladeshi entrepreneurs, finance and technology professionals.Inside the center, the laptop
screen lights up to reveal Dr.Tina Mustahid,TD’s head physician,live-streamed(网络直播)
from the capital city of Dhaka for free remote medical consultations. Affectionately called
Doctor Apa -“older sister”in Bengali-by her patients, she is one of three volunteer doctors at
TD.
[E] “I diagnose them through conversation,”says Dr. Mustahid. “Sometimes it's really
obvious things that local doctors don’t have the patience to talk through with their patients. For
example, a common complaint mothers come in with is that their children refuse to eat their
meals. The mothers are concemed they are dealing with indigestion, but it’s because they are
feeding the children packaged chips which are cheap and convenient. I tell them it is ruining
their appetite and ask them to cut back on unhealthy snacks.”Dr.Mustahid says building
awareness about health and nutrition is important for island patients who are cut off from
mainland resources.
[F]Even off the islands,Bangladesh faces a critical deficit of health services. The country has
half the doctors-per-person ratio recommended by the World Health Organization: roughly one
doctor per 2,000 people, instead of one doctor per1000people. And of those physicians, many
are concentrated in cities:70% of the country’s population live in rural areas, yet less than 20%
of health workers practice there,Over 70% ofTD’s 3,000 patients are female, in part because
many are not comfortable speaking with local doctors who tend to be male.The rural women
are mostly not literate or confident enough to travel on their own to the nearest town to visit
medical facilities. Many have spent their entire lives rebuilding their homes when the islands
flood. Early marriage and young motherhood which are prevalent in these parts of
Bangladeshalso contribute to the early onset of health problems.
[G]For most TD patients on the islands,Dr.Mustahid is the first big-city doctor that they’ve ever
consulted.TD doctors are not meant to treat serious illnesses or conditions that require a doctor
to be physically present, such as pregnancy But theycan write prescriptions, diagnose common
ailments-including digestive issues joint pain, skin diseases, fever and the conimon cold-and
refer patients to doctors at local hospitals.The visit is also an opportunity for the patients,
especially womento air their concens about aging, motherhood and reproductive health
according to Dr.Mustahid.The doctors also offer health, dictary and lifestyle advice where
necessary,including insight on everything from recognizing postnatal(产后的)depression to
daily exercise.Dr. Mustahid regularly recommends her patients to take a daily thirty-minute
morning walk before the sun gets too intense
[H]After a few sessions about general health issues Fazila finally opened up about something
else that was bothering her: her persistent skin condition. It can get expensive to travel to the
doctor, so usually the women living on the islands describe their illness to their husbands.The
husbands then go to the pharmacy,try to describe the issue and return home with some random
medicines. Nothing worked for Fazila until she started seeing Dr.Apa.
[I] Other nonprofits are also starting to provide health services on the islands. A local
non-governmental organization called Friendship operates floating boat hospitals that provide
health services to islands all over Bangladesh,docking at each for two months at a time.
Friendship also runs satellite clinics in which one doctor and one clinic aide who are residents
of the community disperse health and hygiene information.
[J]TD still has a few major challenges. Many residents complain the medicines they are
prescribed are sometimes unaffordable,but the govenment isn’t doing enough for them. Patients
often ask why the medicine isn’t free along with the consultation from the doctors The
organizations are linked to local pharmacies and offer discounts to the patients and
even that.make sure to prescribe the most cost-effective brands,but still many residents can’t
afford
[K]NeverthelessTD’s remote consultations seem to bepopular:Of 3000 patients at least
200 have returned for follow-ups,according toTD.The reason, explains one resident might be
the simple gesture of treating the island inhabitants with respect.“Dr. Apa is patient," he
says.“At government hospitals, the doctors treat us very badly, but here they listen to us, I can
repeat myself many times and no one gets annoyed.”food.
36. Some children on the remote islands won’t eat their meals because they are fed cheap junk
high on the river islands
37. Unlike other parts of Bangladesh, the number of women who die from giving birth remains
even with discounts offered.
38. One big problem many islanders have is that they can’t afford the prescribed medicines
organizations.
39.TD is a virtual medical service financially supported by one of the nation’s nonprofit
40.TD doctors are welcome to the islanders bccause thev treat the sick with respect and
patience.
41. Women islanders tend to have health problems carly partly because they get married and
give birth early.
42.doctors make weekly visits to the remote islands to provide services at a temporary
medical center.
43.TD doctors provide the islanders with online diagnoses and treatments for common diseases.
44.The residents of the river islands have to keep moving their homes because of floods and
land erosions.
45.Women islanders usually rely on their husbands to get some medicines for them without
diagnoses and prescriptions.
Keys:
36.E
37.B
38.J
39.D
40.K
41.F
42.C
43.D
44.A
45.H
仔细阅读-1 套
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions
or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Selective colleges and universities in the U.S.are under fire for being too elite and too expensive,
and for not training graduates for the world of work.Such charges ignore the fact that these
institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work, for thoughtful engagement
in civic life, for lifelong learning, and for understanding the world and those with whom they
live.
These colleges and universities must be doing something right. Applications are at record highs,
and their financial aid programs make them more accessible than ever. This model of education
has long played a central role in creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring
innovation.
Yet. there is growing skepticism about the value of this model.The recent tax reform bill is a
wake-up call that our strongest colleges and universities are under assault by some in
govemment. The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many by taxing
tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interes Thankfully,
these provisions were ultimately stripped from the bill, but lawmakers let stand a new tax on
the investment income of some colleges and universities.
While these attacks are motivated by misguided ideas, we need to do a better job of explaining
why these claims are false and why what we do is valuable. We cannot take fo granted that any
of this is obvious.
t is often said that elite colleges and universities do not train students, particularly those who
study the liberal arts, for the workforce. But this can be refuted by scholarly research. The data
are clear: a liberal arts education is great career preparation, both for excellent lifetime earnings
and for satisfaction with the work.This education develops the skills of critical thinking,
rigorous analysis of data and facts, communication with the written and spoken word
understanding ofcultural differences and issues, and the ability to keep leaning. In fact, liberal
arts graduates do extremely well in every imaginabie field.
Access to an education at selective colleges and universities is now more available than ever to
low- and middle-income famillies. We have built endowments from donations by alumn(校友)
and parents who understand and appreciate our mission to provide access and opportunity, and
a significant portion of the retuns from these endowments is used to fund financial aid.
Ironically, the new tax on endowments drains financial aid funds from the very schools most
able to offer opportunity to those who have earned a spot but cannot otherwise afford this
education. Beyond the virtue of access to those who have earned a place at these schools,the
diversity of economic backgrounds enhances the education and experience of all of our students.
46.What fact does the author emphasize concerning selective colleges and universities?
A) They have been ignoring the training of graduates for the world of work.
B)They have been doing well in ensuring their students a successful future
C)They have been constantly attacked for being too elite and too expensive.
D) They have been actively engaged in civic life beyond the school campus
47.What does the author say in arguing for the model of education in the U.S.?
A) It has contributed substantially to the nation’s overall development. B) It has succeeded in
maintaining sustainable financial aid programs. C) It has given priority to innovative programs
for graduate studies. D) It has played a centra role in attracting intenational applicants.
48. What do we learn about the initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill?
A) They would have stripped many students of life’s chances.
B) They would have deducted graduate student loan interest.
C)They would have added to many students financial burden.
D)They would have increased the mumber of tuition waivers.
49. What do the data show about elite colleges and universities?
A) Their graduates lack the rigor required for doing statistical analysis.
B) Their students prove to be inadequately prepared for their future careers.
C) Their focus on research is conducive to developing students critical thinking.
D) Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in.
50.What is an advantage of providing financial aid for students?
A) Every student can choose the institution they wish to attend B)All students can benefit from
a diversified student population C) All students will be able to earn a place on university campus.
D) Less privileged students will be more competitive at elite schools
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
When a group of Australians was asked why they believed climate change was not
happening,about 36% said it was “common sense”according to a report published last year by
the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.This was the most popular
reason for their opinion, with only 11% saying their belief that climate change was not
happening was based on scientific research.
But what do we mean by an appeal to common sense? Presumably it’s an appeal to rationality
of some sort that forms the basis of more complex reasoning.The appeal to common sense,
however, is usually nothing more than an appeal to thinking that just feels right, but what feels
right to one person may not feel right to another. Whether it feels right is usually a reflection of
the world view and ideologies we have internalised, and that frames how we interact with new
ideas. When new ideas are in accord with what we already believe, they are more readily
accepted. When they are not, they, and the arguments that lead to them, are more readily
rejected.
We often mistake this automatic compatibility testing of new ideas with existing beliefs ase an
application of common sense, but, in reality, it is more about judging than thinking. Nobelist
Daniel Kahneman notes in Thinking Fast and Slow,when we arrive at conclusions in this way,
the outcomes also feel true, regardless of whether they are. We are not psychologically well
equipped to judge our own thinking.
We are also highly susceptible to a range of cognitive biases such as giving preference to the
first things that come to mind when making decisions or giving weight to evidence
One way we can check our internal biases and inconsistencies is through the social verification
of knowledge, in which we test our ideas in a rigorous and systematic way to see if they make
sense not just to us, but to other peopleThe outstanding example of this socially shared
cognition is science.
That does not mean that individuals are not capable of excellent thinking, nor does it mean no
individual is rational. But the extent to which individuals can do this on their own is a function
of how well integrated they are with communities of systematic inquiry in the fir place. You
can’t learn to think well by yourself.
In matters of science at least, those who value their common sense over methodological
collaborative investigation imagine themselves to be more free in their thinking, unbound by
involvement with the group, but in reality they are tightly bound by their capabilities and
perspectives. We are smarter together than we are individually, and perhaps that's just common
sense.
51.What does the author intend to show by citing the findings from the report published last
A)People seldom appeal to rationality in their thinking. year?
B) It is often the case that truth lies in the hands of a few.
C) Common sense and science are the two sides of a coin.
D) Few people know if climate change is really happening
52. What is the appeal to common sense according to the author?
A) It is the basis for the intenalisation of individualsideologies.
B) It is a series of conceptions formulated from complex reasoning
C) It is collective wisdom that helps people interact with new ideas.
D) It is something subjective based on what one perceives to be right.
53.What does Daniel Kahneman think is the problem of testing newideas with existing
beliefs?
A) It may lead to incorrect judgment.
B) It makes no use ofcommon sense.
C) It fails to correct mistakes through serious reasoning
D) It can produce psychologically unacceptable outcomes.
54.What can we do to be less susceptible to cognitive biases?
A) Give equal weight to evidence of both sides in a conflict.
B) Provide convincing examples in developing an argument.
CEstablish socially shared cognition via scientific methods
D) Avoid inconsistencies when addressing controversial issues.
55. What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?
A) Multiple perspectives stimulate people’s interest in exploring the unknown.
B) Individuals can enhance their overall capabilities by interacting with others.
C) Individuals should think freely to break from the restrictions of common sense.
D)Collaborative efforts can overcome individuals’limitations in scientific inquiry
keys:
46-55
B They have been doing well in ensuring their students a successful future
A It has contributed substantially to the nation’s overall development.
C They would have added to many student’s financial burden.
D Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in.
B All students can benefit from a diversified student population
A People seldom appeal to rationality in their thinking.
D It is something subjective based on what one perceives to be right.
A It may lead to incorrect judgment.
C Establish socially shared cognition via scientific methods
D Collaborative efforts can overcome individuals’ limitations in scientific inquiry
【阅读】第二套
选词填空-2 套
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one
word for each blank from a list ofchoices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by
a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre.You may not use any of the wonds in the bank more than once.
Thinking kind thoughts about yourself and your loved ones can prove beneficial for your overall
wellbeing. empirical evidence has shown. Researchers carried out an investigation to
tat awoli explore the 26 between having kind thoughts and a person's psychological state.
For the study, five groups of participants were presented with a different set of audio
instructions, some of which encouraged the participants to think 27 about themselves and others
which persuaded them to think in a self-critical manner. After listening to the audio instructions.
the participants were asked to answer a series of questions. These included whether they felt
agitated, how likely they were to show kindness to themselves and how28they felt to other
individuals.
The participants who were instructed to think kindly about themselves were more likely to
exhibit a bodily response associated with being relaxed and feeling safe Their heart rates also
dropped, which is a healthy sign of a heart that can respond flexibly to situations. Yet,29
those who listened to the critical audio clips were noted as having a higher heart rate and sweat
response afterwards, both of which30feclings of threat and distress
Having the ability to switch off the body’s natural threat response can31a persons
immune system. This, in turn, gives them a greater likelihood of recovering quickly from illness.
These findings help us to further understand some of our clinical trials research findings, where
we show that individuals with 32 depression benefit particularly from
GA (Aself-awareness-based 33 therapy. They essentially learn to become more sympathetic to
00(8 themselves.
The sense is that for people34to depression, meeting their negative thoughts and feelings with
35 is a radically different way that these thoughts are not facts. It introduces a different way of
being and knowing that is quite transformative for many people
A) adversely I) indignantly
B) amiably J) insulation
C)boost K) lavish
D) cognitive L) prone
E) compassion M) recurrent
F) connected N) signify
G) correlation O) surpass
H) fascinated
keys:
26. G correlation 27. B amiably 28. H facinated 29. A adversely 30 N signify 31. C boost
32. M recurrent 33. D cognitive 34. L prone 35. E compassion
段落匹配-2 套
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it
Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. dentify the paragraph from
which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph
is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer
Sheet 2
Saving Our Planet
[A] In the long view,the human relationship with forests has been one of brutal destruction,
but even it carries elements of slow hope. In the Middle Agesthere was no shortage of timber
in most parts of the world,and few saw cutting down forests as a problem. Yet in1548 the people
of Venice estimated that an important timber supply would last only 30 years at their current
rate of usage-but different forest management would make it possible to meet the demand for
many centuries to come.The idea of preserving resources came out of a concern for the future:
a fear of using up resources faster than they could be replenished(补充).
[B]Economic interests were at the core of this understanding of trees and forests, It would
take more than three centuries before scientists began to understand that timber production is
not the only, and possibly not the most important,function of forests.The late 19th and early
20th century saw an increasing recognition that forests serve as habitats for countless animal
and plant species that all rely on each other. They take over protective functions against soil
erosion and landslides (塌方); they make a significant contribution to the water balance as they
prevent surface runoff; they filter dirt particles, greenhouse gases and radioactive substances
from the air; they produce oxygen; they provide spaces for recreation and they preserve historic
and prehistoric remains. As a result, forests around the world have been set aside as parks or
wilderness areas
[C]Recent years have seen a big change in our view of forests.Peter Wohlleben’s book The
aee od Hidden Life of Trees (2015),an international bestseller, suggests that trees can wan each
other of danger through a *wood wide web’of roots andfungi(真菌).They support each other
through sharing of nutrients and information, and they even keep ancient stumps alive by
feeding them solutions of sugars. Such insights have made us aware of deep ecological
relationships between humans and the more-than-human world.
[D] Awareness of ecologies is a recent phenomenon. It was not until the 1940s that the concept
of the “environment’ embracing all living and nonliving things developed. In the1970s, the
term 'environment’ gained currency, becoming widely adopted in the English and Romance
languages, and as 'Umwelt(surrounding world') in German. The emergence of the idea led to
the rise of environmental agencies, regulations andenvironmental studies, and to environmental science as new, integrated academic disciplines.
It was in 1956 that the very first bachelor of science in environmental studies was awarded, at
the State University of New York College of Forestry at Syracuse. Since the 1970s-with the
rise of environmentalism’-environmental studies programmes have sprung up at hundreds of
universities. There is (slow) hope in the fact that scholars from many different disciplines have
adopted the term environment over the past decades. They are exploring intricate connections
within and between complex ecologies, as well as the impact that human environment-making
(through techno-industrial, economic and other manipulative developments) has had on the
biosphere.
[E] The rise of the idea of the environment and a scholarly understanding of ecological
processes has influenced new technologies and also politics. We have come to ask questions
about vulnerability and risk, world ecologies, and the relationship between nature and
power.The search for an adequate response to clinate change occupies centre ndstage in
international diplomacy.
[F] Social and environmental activists, scientists and indigenous groups have called the Paris
Agreement of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2015 insufficient,
weak, or compromised To some extentthey areright: climate change has100 already destroyed
tens of thousands of livelihoods, and the situation will worsen in the near future for millions of
mostly poorer people, who will join the ranks of those who have already been displaced by
climate change and extreme weather events.But the Paris Conference nevertheless marked a
historic step toward the recognition of the need for action on climate change, the cutting of
carbon emissionsand world cooperation. There were 195 nations that came to the table in Paris
and agreed to limits on emissions. Historically, nothing comparable had happened prior to
this.Before the 20th century, a handful of scientists had been interested in the theoretical
relationship between greenhouse gases and climate change, but only the empirical evidence
accumulated since the late 20th century established a clear connection between the burning of
fossil fuels and a vastly accelerated rise in global temperatures.
[G]The current crisis is not the first that humans have encountered, and a look at the struggles
with pollution in recent history reveals transformations that once seemed unimaginable. The
'London fog that came to define the capital through British novels and thrillers is in reality smog
or smoke, a legacy ofindustrialisation. After a century of ignorance, London was hit by the
Great Smog of December 1952-the worst air-pollution event in the history of the United
Kingdom which caused the deaths of approximately 12000 people. Shortly thereafter, public
initiatives and political campaigns led to strict regulations and new laws, including the Clean
Air Act(1956). Today London has effectively reduced traffic emissions through the
introduction of a Congestion Charge Zone in 2003, and an Ultra Low Emission Zone in 2019.
H]Scientific evidence that we are living in an era ofclimate changeresource exhaustion and
potential ecological disaster is overwhelming.How dowe motivate a public exhausted by neverending scenarios of doom and disasterwhen the challenges seem so huge and so impossible to
solve? Statistics about extinction and the gloom of decline will not in themselves get us out of
our often self-created ecological traps: instead, they are more likely to result in paralysis and
inaction.
[I]We need stories and histories of change and transformation:ecological stories that make
us confront the fact that human power is potentially destructive, and that the survival of our
species on this planet depends on the preservation of soil and water, and the habitats and
ecological systems.
[J]It is time that we showed successes and accelerations in ecological awareness, action and
restoration: stories that include past successes and future visions about the rise of urban
gardening and of renaturalised riverscapes, of successful protests against polluted air and water,
of the rise ofregional markets and slow foodand the planting of trees around the globe, of
initiatives and enterprises that work towards ecological restoration.The reality of ecological
curses seems far greater than the power of the hopes left at the bottom of Pandora’s box.But if
we believe that nothing can be changed,then we are giving up our opportunity to act.
[K] Today's saving powers will not come from a deusex machina(解围之神).Inan
ever-more complex and synthetic world, our saving powers won't come from a single source,
and certainly not from a too-big-to-fail approach or from those who have been drawn into the
whirlpool of our age of speed. Hope can work as a wakeup call.It acknowledges setbacks. The
concept of slow hope suggests that we can’t expect things to change ovenight. If the ever-faster
exhaustion of natural resources (in ecological terms) and the *shrinking of the present(in social
terms) are urgent problems of humans, then cutting down on exhaustive practices and working
towards a“stretching of the present will be ways to move forward.
36.Climate change has wrought havoc on the lives oftens of thousands of people
37.I took scientists a long time to realise that the function of forests goes far beyond providing
humans with timber.
38. There is abundant evidence that we are now facing a possible ecological disaster.
39.Environmental science became academie disciplines only some sixty years ago
40.Things cannot change overnight, but reducing the consumption of natural resources will help
solve the ecological crisis.
41.Human perception of forests has undergone a tremendous change in the past years.
42. Recent history shows reduction of pollution once seemingly impossible, can actually be
accomplished
43.People began to consider preserving natural resourees when they feared they would have
nothing to use in the future.
44.If we doubt our ability to reverse ecological deterioration, we are throwing away the chance
to take action.
45.How to respond effectively to climate change has become the focus of international
diplomacy
keys:
36.F
37.B
38.H
39.D
40.K
41.C
42.G
43.A
44.J
45.E
仔细阅读-2 套
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Since American idol star Taryn Southern started composing music with AI in 2017. musicians
all over the world have begun wondering about the implications of AI and modern technology
where music production is concerned Using Al in the creation of music is perceived by some
as a helpful tool and by others as almost ""the beginning off the end”
In Taryn's case, Al software enabled her to communicate melodies and chords that she didn’t
know how to put together herself The end product was therefore a collaborative effort, rather
than a piece entirely produced by technology Taryn’s story has a distinctly positive feel that
highlights the advantages ofusing Al in music production It can serve as a source of inspiration,
and as an ideal jumping of point should a musician be hit with writerblock(文思枯竭）
Contrary to seeing AI as a tool, some musicians consider it to be hugely detrimental to the
music scene. At the moment, because such technology is still so young, the music it’s producing
is not necessarily what we want to hear.In short,it’s not of great quality. Those whe have
produced their own music, or even fans ofauthentic, artistic music, will also argue that a
computer could never emulate the work(and human touch)ofa true musician.
Music has been an integral part of the story of humans for ages; in fact, the first know piece of
music is believed to be around 3,400 years old. Songs have long been used as a means
ofcommunicating messages and folk stories, covering everything from societal ethics to worl
history. Since many people see music as such an inherently human expression, it is ofter
considered as too precious to impart to technology.The thought of a computer generating
a“random” piece of music that hasn’t been painstakingly created by an artist is almost seen a
sacrilegious(亵渎神圣的).
Regardless of which side of the argument you fall on, it seems likely that the use of AI in music
production will only become more frequent. Our modern world is preoccupied with
technological advancements. Instead of shying away from the idea of this bleak future, the best
approach to take is one ofoptimism and curiosity.While there are always bound to be stubborn
old-school musicians who refuse to use tech,music producers should consider AI as something
to be embraced. Al music software is still very much in its infancy,but with more investors
interested in the development and outcomes of such technology, and considering the rapid
growth rate of other tech advances in recent years, it’s only a matter oftime before Al-produced
music is seen as the new norm.
46.How do some musicians perceive using AI in creating music?
A)It would help to produce more music idols.
B) It would be detrimental to music production
C) It would hinder the understanding of authentic music.
D) It would be the beginning of a new era in music creation.
47. What does Taryn Southern's story illustrate?
A) AI technology is conducive to music composition.
B) Musicians will be unable to create musie without high tech.
C) Musicians are often at their witsend in their creative effort.
D) Al technology is indispensable to creating melodies and chords.
48. Why are some musicians opposed to the use of AI in creating music?
A) Music produced with AI technology lacks humanness.
B) Music created with AI technology is easily emulated.
C) It will depreciate humans’ role in music composition.
D) It will deplete young musicianscreative inspiration
49.Why do many people think music is too precious to impart to AI technology?
A) It cannot be created without pains.
C) It is part of human life.
B) It cannot be produced at random.
D) It is human specific.
50. What does the author think of the future of AI music?
A) It will continue to arouse the interest of music investors
B) It has the prospect of becoming the norm in the future.
C) It will be gradually accepted by old-school musicians.
D) It may eventually lose its freshness and appeal.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
A few weeks ago, a well-meaning professor tried to explain the physiological process behind
viruses and the human body in a tweet and was immediately criticized for a mistake in his
information. He then issued an apology and deleted his erroneous tweet.
Communicating science beyond the academic bubble is necessary to augmenting public
understanding of health and environmental issues and helping individuals make well-informed
personal decisions.
However, scientists who engage in science communication must acknowledge that even in their
area, their expertise is deep but narrow. They need to recognize the constraints in their own
knowledge.That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research, but
rather, that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline. Fact-checking
with a scientist who works in the specialty will prevent the unintentional spread of
misinformation, and the process of doing so mayyield tiny pieces ofinteresting new information
that can be incorporated.our
Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information,
especially for any complex phenomena, but this is absurd. Science instruction can be found at
all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes or biology, physics,
and chemistry, If anything, social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on
a solid scientific foundation,Even the public discourse that follows most scientifie articles
shows that online readers can understand even the most baffling of scientific principles.
It is equally imperative to emphasize that being an expert on a topie does not automatically
make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience. A number of scientists
recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena Even though
they have appropriate credentials, they often do very little in the way o explaining. One biologist
shared an intricate analogy involving a library, books, paper, a recipe ingredients, and a cake
to explain the process behind vaccines. Any explanation that requires written key to keep track
of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption. cience
communication is a science in and of itself.It requires rigorous training and instruction. A
scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and
eliminate jargon and how to develop effective analogies to explain comple concepts. One
cannot assume communication expertise - imagine if someone just decided th they were a
physicist and started trying to contribute to the field without the necessar background. Doing a
poor job communicating science to the public will only create confusion and widen the gap
between science and society, a gap that scientists are trying to close.
51. What does the author say about communicating science to the general public?
A) It will help them to keep abreast of the latest scientific developments.
B) It is a necessary means to improve their understanding of scientific issues.
C) It will get them more involved in academic debates on environmental problems.
D) It is an effective way to augment scientists’ influence beyond the academic circle
52. What does the author advise scientists do to deal with topics outside of their specialty?
A) Write or present on them from new angles.
B) Utilize information from diverse sources.
C) Turn to a specialist for professional help.
D) Fact-check with colleagues in their field.
53.What does the author say we can learn from social media?
A)Asolid academic foundation is essential to understanding baftling scientific principles.
B) Modern technology has facilitated communication between scientists and the public
C) Scientific articles have gained increasing popularity among the general public
D) The public’s understanding of science is much better than some have claimed.
54. What does the example of the biologist who shared an intricate analogy show?
A) It is helpful to use illustrations in explaining scientific phenomena.
B) It is imperative to have appropriate titles to explain scientific issues.
C) A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator.
D) A nonscientific audience cannot duly understand principles of science.
55. What does the author suggest scientists do to close the gap between science and society?
A) Explain complex concepts scientifically
B) Make appropriate use of scientific terms
C)Take courses in public speaking
D) Develop communication skills.
keys:
46-55
B It would be detrimental to music production
AAI technology is conducive to music composition.
A Music produced with AI technology lacks humanness.
D It is human specific.
B It has the prospect of becoming the norm in the future.
B It is a necessary means to improve their understanding of scientific issues.
C Turn to a specialist for professional help.
D The public’s understanding of science is much better than some have claimed.
C A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator.
D Develop communication skills.
