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2022年6月英语六级试题及答案

时间:2022-11-18 19:32:02
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2022年6月英语六级试题及答案

  网络综合版:

  听力原文

  W: [1]Mr. David Jackson, a staff writer at the New Yorker, is known for his nonfiction books of adventure. Today we go on a different kind of adventure, Jackson

  s life of parenting, his offspring, David, as a parent of an 11 and a 14-year-old, what is the most interesting issue you are dealing with right now?

  M: It's easy to focus on the challenges. [2]But so far, I find these ages to be kind of wonderful. They are independent, and they have their own curiosities and obsessions. You can talk to them about fairly sophisticated subject matter such as politics.

  W: Yes, that does sound refreshing compared with talking to younger children. Do they ask you to proofread their essays?

  M: Certainly with writing they do. [3]1 really just try to be encouraging. I think at this age, editorial guidance is less important than encouragement.

  W: Are there books that you think are important that your children read and that all children read?

  M: My general thought is to read widely and to incorporate a love for reading, learning to love to read, I think, is the optimal thing, because it gives you a skill you can take anywhere.

  W: So you're not too concerned like some parents with the content they' re reading. I know I have some worries about that.

  M: Read what you like. Child loves graphic novels or comic books. What Never is that is turning them on to read and turning on their imagination.

  W: [4]I feel that children's tastes in books change as they reach adolescence. I know that mine certainly did when I was a teenager. What do you think?

  M: I think it's especially important as they get older to read subject matter that will open their eyes to the world and people. So, I think both fiction and nonfiction are really important, because they give you the power to begin to perceive the world through the lives of others.

  Questions, 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

  Question 1, what do we learn about David Jackson from the conversation?

  Question 2, What does the man think of young teenagers?

  Question 3, how does the man help his kids with their essays?

  

  Conversation Two

  M: In this episode of Money Talks, [5]our guest is molly sanders, a university student and a successful young entrepreneur, Molly,tell us about your business.

  W[6] I sell specialty clothes through a website, mainly for women who have trouble finding suitable clothes in main street shops because of their height or weight. But 1 do some men's clothes too.

  M: How did you get started in this business at such a young age?

  Are you studying fashion design?

  W: Actually. I'm majoring in finance, but l've always loved

  clothes. I started making my own at 14.

  M: Did you have any sort of training in design or sewing? Or was it a natural ability?

  W: I'd have to say no to both. No one taught me to make clothes.And most of the things I made at first were disasters.

  M: Why did you persevere? I think most people would give up if they kept failing, especially at that age.

  W: [7]1 kept on out of necessity. As you can see, I'm very tall. And I couldn't find clothes that fit me in ordinary shops. So I kept trying and developed my skills over time.

  M: Well. My notes say you earned $50,000 in profits last year,extraordinary amount for a 20-year-old student. How did that happen? Did you see a gap in the market and decide to fill it?

  W: No, when I started university, some classmates complemented, my clothes. And when I said I made them myself, other tall women started asking if I would make theirs. And I did. And before I knew it, I was an entrepreneur.

  M: What are your plans for the future? Do you intend to open a physical store?

  W: [8] No, I'll keep things online to keep costs down, but I will add more clothes for children, both girls and boys, and possibly even for infants. And I hope to add to my range of designs for men.

  Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

  Question 5. What do we learn about the woman?

  Question 6. What does the woman say about the clothes she made at?

  Question 7. Why did the woman persevere in making clothes for herself?

  Question 8. What does the woman plan to do in the future?

  

  Passage 1

  Researchers have identified a potent new antibiotic compound using artificial intelligence. The antibiotic can kill very dangerous bacteria. According to a study published in the journal Cell, the compounds

  successfully removed deadly strains of bacteria in mice are resistant to all known antibiotics.

  [Q9: The researches say this is the first time that artificial intelligence has been used to find a powerful new antibiotic molecule.] Why does this matter? The answer is antibiotic resistance. This happens when bacteria developed the ability to survive the medications designed to kill them.

  [Q10:Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to health, and the problem is growing. This makes finding new antibiotics very important.] However, in recent decades, very few have been developed that have tend to be very similar to drugs already available. These searches also tend to only focus on a narrow spectrum of chemical compounds, but this is where artificial intelligence comes in. Why? To find new drugs, scientists, screen molecules to predict how effective they might be. Typically, such screening is done by humans in the lab, which is both costly and slow. [Q11: Artificial intelligence is different. It's fast, and it can process a high volume. It can screen hundreds of millions of compounds to identify a few interesting candidates that require experimental testing. Artificial intelligence is also able to predict if compounds are likely to be toxic.] Some experts assert that this work signifies a paradigm shift in antibiotic discovery. It could change drug discovery more generally.

  Question 9 What have researchers done for the first time in history?

  Question 10 what makes it important to find new antibiotic drugs?

  Question11 What does the passage say artificial intelligence is able to do in antibiotic research?

  

  Passage 2

  A recent study overturned what we think we know about lying. Most of us have a theory about how to tell if someone is telling a lie. We may develop that theory from observations of those people, we know well and see regularly. But we tend to generalize what we gather from that unscientific daily research and make it a universal theory. [Q12:So we might imagine that liars have evasive eyes or the opposite, they simply stare at you, or perhaps it is more generally nervous behavior we associate with lies.

  Whatever the particular theory, it's usually based on close observation of people we know.1 And we get lots of practice. On average, we are lied to some 200 times per day. [Q13: These are mostly harmless lies,) but lies are the lies. But there's a problem with our theories, even though they're based on all this observation. [Q14; The average person, you and me tested rigorously on how well we detect lives fails to do better than chance.]

  That's well established over many studies and lots of attempts by researchers to work out, reliable ways to detect lies. It's even relatively easy to fool, lie detectors. The gold standard of lie detection by training

  yourself in breathing techniques and symptom suppression. Is there any way to get better at detecting lies? [Q15: The new research offers somesurprising advice, stop looking and listen instead. It turns out that if we'reunable to see the face, but rather focus on the voice of the person in

  question. Our accuracy rate improves considerably.]

  Question 12 According to the passage, how do most people detect lying?

  Question 13 What does the passage say about most lies?

  Question 14 What have many studies uncovered about the average persons lie detection?

  Question 15 What advice does the new research offer regarding lie detection?

  

  Recording Two

  

  There are probably teams you've worked with that you never want to work with again. But there must have also been other teams that you would prize reuniting with professionally. In other words, your team had vitality. [19]Vitality comes about when the tires people form with their fellow team members are such that they stay connected even after the team breaks up. What characteristics of a team make its members more likely to stay in contact despite no longer working together.

  This question has been answered recently in a study published in a business journal. [20] One of the two key factors the research team discovered is sameness, specifically sharing the same gender or ethnic origin. The more members of a team share similar demographics, the more inclined they'll be to remain

  associates long after the team has served its purpose. After ties are established, similarity strengthens them. As a result, they regard these individuals with greater trust and mutual understanding, which motivates them to seek further opportunities for collaboration. In effect, people tend to create

  stronger and longer lasting connections with similar others. Someone who looks and sounds different from us may have the resources we need to be more successful. Yet we find them to be significantly less credible, simply because they are different. If you are a fierce advocate of workplace diversity, you'll no doubt be horrified by such a revelation.

  [20]The second factor identified by the researchers is the quality of the relationships among the team members. The more they trust one another, share the same goals, and depend on each other for the achievement of those goals, the stronger their chances of maintaining their connections, despite no longer working as one team. Teams with quality relationships, a shared belief that it's safe to take risks with each other, and that members are obliged to share the workload and help out.

  

  From personal experience. I can see both the truth and the inconsistency of such studies. The truth is some of my closest friendships were formed as a result of having worked together on teams. And I actively seek opportunities to work with them again.

  [21]Inconsistency, though, is that I've never worked for a team more successful and cohesive than the one of which I'm a member right now And yet the four of us have very little in common and are completely different demographically. So I'm unlikely to question the value of a diverse workforce.

  

  Questions, 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have justheard.

  Question 19. What does the speakers say about a team with vitality?

  Question 20. What do the researchers find out about members of a team?

  Question 21. What do we learn about the team the speaker is currently working in?

  

  Recording 3

  An American researcher who studied 600 millionaires found how rich you can get comes down to six wealth factors. She found that six behaviors are related to net worth potential, regardless of age or income.

  These were thriftiness, confidence, responsibility, planning, focus, and social indifference.

  Being thrifty comes as no great surprise.

  Spending above your means spending instead of saving for retirement. spending in anticipation of becoming wealthy makes you a slave to the paycheck.

  (22) “Even with an astronomical level of income,” she wrote,“to properly build wealth,experts recommend saving 20% of your income and living off the remaining 80%.”

  Having confidence is another key characteristic, as it helps people to be thrifty.

  It takes confidence to live within your means.

  It also takes confidence to invest properly, instead of making investing decisions with your emotions.

  (23) Financial planners advise that you should leave your investments alone and focus on a long term investment plan.

  But people can't invest or manage their own money without accepting responsibility for the outcomes.

  Many millionaires take on personal responsibility and most also happen to be self-made,meaning they didn't acquire their wealth through luck.

  Millionaires don't count on anyone else to make them rich. (24) And they don't blame anyone else, if they fall short.

  They focus on things they can control and align their daily habits to the goals they have set for themselves.

  They tend to be goal oriented and hard workers, which enables them to plan financially and focus on seeing those plans through.

  92% of the millionaire surveyed, developed a long term plan for their money. And 97% almost always achieved the goals they set for themselves.

  And it is these behaviors that make it easy for them to be socially indifferent.

  (25)They resist lifestyle creep, the tendency to spend more whenever one earns more.

  Essentially they don't yield to pressure to buy the latest thing or to keep up with others or

  what they have acquired instead of being focused on what might make them happy today,

  they're focused on their long term wealth building plan.

  Q22. What do experts recommend concerning being thrifty?

  Q23. How does confidence help people to be thrifty?

  Q24.How do millionaires react when they fail in their investment?

  Q25.Why does the speaker say millionaires are socially indifferent?

  

  

  星火英语版:

  01 作文部分

  第一套

  For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “Nowadays more and more people keep learning new skills to adapt to a fast-changing world.”You can make comments,use examples,or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

  

   Nowadays more and more people keep learning new skills to adapt to a fast-changing world. It’s undoubtedly true that technology is developing rapidly and our society is under constant change and advancement. As far as I am concerned, the importance of learning new skills can be seen in the following aspects.

  

  Only through by learning new skills ,can people keep pace with the changing world. For one thing, learning new skills is essential for college students. University serves as a place where students are constantly absorbing new knowledge and expanding their horizons.Those who arm themselves with knowledge and can constantly learn new skills will stand out when applying for jobs. For another, employees have to engage in lifelong learning, and acquire new competencies to adapt to the constantly increasing demands of the fast-changing work.

  

  Lifelong learning has been a hot word for a long time. We cannot emphasize the importance of learning new skills too much. Therefore, we have to learn as much knowledge as possible and never forget to learn new skills.

  

  第二套

  题目:Nowadays more and more people take delight in offering help to the needy.

  To Help the Needy

  Nowadays more and more people take delight in offering help to the needy. It has been identified as a popular trend in our society so that we can often see relevant news. As far as I am concerned, there are several reasons accounting for this phenomenon.

  

  To begin with, helping others, especially those in need, is pushing forward with the advancement of the society. Only all the citizens are delighted to help the disadvantaged group, can an favourable environment be fostered and a friendly society be realized soon. Secondly, we have been emphasized the importance of carrying and developing our traditional virtues. As is known to all, it’s not only one of the traditional virtues of China, but also an obligation for us today to help others to overcome difficulties and get through a tough time.

  From what has been discussed above, one thing for certain is to provide help to the needy is what we are doing and we should do in the future. At the end, we will succeed in creating a harmonious society.

   第三套

  Nowadays more and more people choose to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle. According to a recent survey conducted by CCTV, a high proportion of 59.4 percent of people started to pay more attention to environmental protection.

  There may be a combination of factors which can explain this considerable progress. A large-scale education campaign was launched to inform the public that many people especially those in poverty-stricken areas are still suffering from starvation or resource exhaustion. As a result, more civilians realized the seriousness of the situation and thus wanted to do something by leading an environmental-friendly lifestyle. The wide popularity of new energy vehicles is an example. By shifting from traditional automobiles to more environmental-friendly ones, individuals reduced the exhaust emission which is detrimental to the environment.

  In brief, taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that environmental protection is everybody’s duty and thanks to the combined efforts of all people, we can surely have a greener future.

  

  02 听力部分

   第一套

  1. A) He is a staff writer.

  2.B) They are curious and autonomous.

  3.C)He gives them encouragement.

  4.A)Her tastes in books changed.

  5. D) She is a successful entrepreneur.

  6. D) They were mostly failures.

  7. C) She could not find clothes of her size.

  8. D) Expand her business.

  9.A)Utilizing artificial intelligence to find a powerful new antibiotic.

  10. B) Bacteria's resistance to antibiotics.

  11. B) Predict whether compounds are toxic.

  12.C) By observation.

  13.D) They are harmless

  14.A) Mostly by chance.

  15.B) Listening carefully to the speaker

  16. A) They don't treat patients with due respect.

  17. D) Note down the names of all the doctors and nurses.

  18. C) Passive.

  19.C) Its members stay in touch even after it breaks up.

  20.B) Their similarity is conducive to future collaboration.

  21.A) It is catheterized by diversity.

  22.A) Putting aside twenty percent of one’s earnings.

  23.D) It enables them to focus on long-term investments.

  24.D) They persist rather than get discouraged.

  25.B)They do not try to keep up with others.

  

  03 阅读部分

  第一套

  选词填空

  (1)文章开头

  开头:The city of Bath was found by the Romans...

  (2)答案

  【答案速查】26-30 ABKHJ 31-35 GLIEF

  26. A) aesthetically

  27. B) constructed

  28. K) principally

  29. H) natural

  30. J) previous

  31. G) legitimate

  32. L) remedy

  33. I) offspring

  34. E) flocked

  35. F) incorporates

  

  长篇阅读

  

  (1)文章标题

  标题:The Doctor Will Skype You Now

  (2)答案速查

  36-40 EBJDK 41-45 FCGAH

  (3)题干、答案和定位处

  36. Some children on the remote islands won't eat their meals because they are fed cheap junk food.

  36.E 【定位】The mothers are concerned they are dealing with indigestion, but it's because they are feeding the children packaged chips which are cheap and convenient.

  37. Unlike other parts of Bangladesh, the number of women who die from giving birth remains high on the river islands.

  37. B 【定位】There are no doctors within miles, and while child mortality and maternal death have gone down in the rest of the country, this is not the case for the islands.

  38. One big problem many islanders have is that they can't afford the prescribed medicines, even with discounts offered.

  38. J【定位】The organizations are linked to local pharmacies and offer discounts to the patients and make sure to prescribe the most cost-effective brands, but still many residents can't afford even that.

  39. TD is a virtual medical service financially supported by one of the nation's nonprofit organizations.

  39. D【定位】It is funded by a nonproft organization founded by Bangladeshi entrepreneurs, finance and technology professionals.

  40. TD doctors are welcome to the islanders because they treat the sick with respect and patience.

  40. K【定位】The reason, explains one resident, might be the simple gesture of treating the island inhabitants with respect.

  

  41. Women islanders tend to have health problems early partly because they get married and give birth early.

  41. F 【定位】Early marriage and young motherhood, which are prevalent in these parts of Bangladesh, also contribute to the early onset of health problems.

  42. TD doctors make weekly visits to the remote islands to provide services at a temporary medical center.

  42. C 【定位】Every week, TD's medical operators travel to the islands by boat, …. They choose an area of the island with the best Internet reception and set up a makeshift (临时凑合的) medical center which consists of plastic stools and small tables borrowed from the locals' homes

  43. TD doctors provide the islanders with online diagnoses and treatments for common diseases.

  43. G【定位】TD doctors are not meant to treat serious illnesses or conditions that require a doctor to be physically present, such as pregnancy. But they can write prescriptions, diagnose common ailments - including digestive issues, joint pain, skin diseases, fever and the common cold -and refer patients to doctors at local hospitals.

  44. The residents of the river islands have to keep moving their homes because of floods and land erosions.

  44. A 【定位】These islands are low-lying, temporary sand islands that are continuously formed and destroyed through sand buildup and erosion. They are home to over six million people, who face repeated displacement from flooding and erosion——which may be getting worse because of climate change

  45. Women islanders usually rely on their husbands to get some medicines for them without diagnoses and prescriptions.

  45. H 【定位】It can get expensive to travel to the doctor, so usually the women living on the islands describe their illness to their husbands. The husbands then go to the pharmacy, try to describe the issue and return home with some random medicines.

  

  Passage One

  (1)文章开头

  

  Selective colleges and universities in the U.S. are under fire for being too elite and too expensive, and for not training graduates for the world of work.

  (2)答案

  【答案速查】 46-50 BACDB

  (3)题干、答案选项内容及定位:

  46. What fact does the author emphasize concerning selective colleges and universities?

  B) They have been doing well in ensuring their students a successful future.

  【定位】第一段末句Such charges ignore the fact that these institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work, for thoughtful engagement in civic life, for lifelong learning, and for understanding the world and those with whom they live.

  47. What does the author say in arguing for the model of education in the U.S.?

  A) It has contributed substantially to the nation’s overall development.

  【定位】第二段末句This model of education has long played a central role in creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring innovation.

  48. What do we learn about the initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill?

  C) They would have added to many students’ financial burden.

  【定位】第三段中The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many by taxing tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interest.

  49. What do the data show about elite colleges and universities?

  D) Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in.

  【定位】第五段中 The data are clear: a liberal arts education is great career preparation, both for excellent lifetime earnings and for satisfaction with the work. This education develops the skills of critical thinking, rigorous analysis of data and facts, communication with the written and spoken word, understanding of cultural differences and issues, and the ability to keep learning. In fact, liberal arts students do extremely well in every imaginable field.

  50. What is an advantage of providing financial aid for students?

  B) All students can benefit from a diversified student population.

  【定位】末段末句Beyond the virtue of access to those who have earned a place at these schools, the diversity of economic backgrounds enhances the education and experience of all of our students.

  

  Passage Two

  文章开头:What a group of students

  答案速查:51-55 ADACD

  51. What does the author intend to show by citing the findings from the report published last year?

  A)People seldom appeal to rationality in their thinking.

  【定位】第一段第一句:When a group of Australians was asked why they believed climate change was not happening, about 36% said it was "common sense",according to a report published last year by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. 和第二段第一、二句:But what do we mean by an appeal to common sense? Presumably it's an appeal to rationality of some sort that forms the basis of more complex reasoning.

  52. What is the appeal to common sense according to the author?

  D)It is something subjective based on what one perceives to be right.

  【定位】第二段第三句:The appeal to common sense, however, is usually nothing more than an appeal to thinking that just feels right, but what feels right to one person may not feel right to another.

  

  53. What does Daniel Kahneman think is the problem of testing new ideas with existing beliefs?

  A) It may lead to incorrect judgment.

  

  【定位】第三段第二句:As Nobelist Daniel Kahneman notes in Thinking Fast and Slow,when we arrive at conclusions in this way, the outcomes also feel true, regardless of whether they are.

  54. What can we do to be less susceptible to cognitive biases?

  C) Establish socially shared cognition via scientific methods.

  【定位】第五段:One way we can check our internal biases and inconsistencies is through the social verification of knowledge,in which we test our ideas in a rigorous and systematic way to see if they make sense not just to us,but to other people.The outstanding example of this socially shared cognition is science.

  55. What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?

  D)Collaborative efforts can overcome individuals' limitations in scientific inquiry.

  

  【定位】第七段:In matters of science at least,those who value their common sense over methodological, collaborative investigation imagine themselves to be more free in their thinking,unbound by involvement with the group.but in reality they are tightly bound by their capabilities and perspectives.We are smarter together than we are individually, and perhaps that's just common sense.

  

  第二套

  选词填空26-35

   (1)文章开头

  开头:thinking kind thoughts...

  (2)答案

  【答案速查】26-30 GBFAN 31-35 CMDLE

  26.G correlation

  27.B amiably

  

  28.F connected

  29.A adversely

  30.N signify

  31.C boost

  32.M recurrent

  33.D cognitive

  34.L prone

  35.E compassion

  长篇阅读

  文章题目:Saving Our Planet

  答案速查:36-40 F B H D K 41-45 C G A J E

  36 [F] 定位句:To some extent, they are right: climate change has already destroyed tens of thousands of livelihoods;

  37 [B] 定位句:It would take more than three centuries before scientist began to understand that timber production is not the only and possibly not the most important function of forests.

  38 [H] 定位句:Scientific evidence that we are living in an era of climate change, resource exhaustion and potential ecological disaster is overwhelming.

  39 [D] 定位句:It was not until the 1940s that the concept of the environment embracing all living and nonliving things developed.

  40 [K] 定位句:The concept of slow hope suggests that we can’t expect things to change overnight. If the ever-faster exhaustion of natural resources and the shrinking of the present are urgent problems of humans, then cutting down on exhaustive practices and working towards a stretching of the present’ will be ways to move forward.

  41. [C] 定位句:Recent years have seen a big change in our view of forests.

  42. [G] 定位句:The current crisis is not the first that humans have encountered, and a look at the struggles with pollution in recent history reveals transformations that once seemed unimaginable.

  43. [A] 定位句:The idea of preserving resources came out of a concern for the future: a fear of using up resources faster than they could be replenished (补充).

  44. [J] 定位句:But if we believe that nothing can be changed, then we are giving up our opportunity to act.

  45. [E] 定位句:The search for an adequate response to climate change occupies centre stage in international diplomacy.

  Passage one

  文章开头Since American idol star Taryn Southern started composing music with AI in 2017, musicians all over the world have begun wondering about the implications of AI and modern technology where music production is concerned.

  【答案】46-50 BAADB

  46. B) It would be detrimental to music production.

  47. A) AI technology is conducive to music composition.

  48. A) Music produced with AI technology lacks humanness.

  49. D) It is human specific。

  50. B) It has the prospect of becoming the norm in the future.

  Passage Two

  

  文章开头: A few weeks ago, a well-meaning professor tried to explain...

  【答案速查】51-55 B C D C D

  51. [B] It is a necessary means to improve their understanding of scientific issues.

  52. [C] Turn to a specialist for professional help.

  53. [D] The public’s understanding of science is much better than some have claimed.

  54. [C] A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator.

  55. [D] Develop communication skills.

  

  

  04 翻译部分

  翻译赵州桥

  赵州桥建于隋朝,公元605年左右,长50.82米,宽9.6米,跨度37.37米。天才建筑师李春设计并监督了桥的建设。赵州桥结构新颖、造型优美。桥有一个大拱,在大拱的两端各有两个小拱,帮助排泄洪水、减轻桥梁重量并节省石材。建成以来,该桥经受了多次洪水和地震,但其主体结构仍然完好无损,至今仍在使用。赵州桥是世界桥梁建筑史上的一项创举,是中国古代文明史上的一项杰出成就。类似设计的桥梁直到14世纪才在欧洲出现,比赵州桥晚了700多年。

  

  The Zhaozhou Bridge, built in the Sui Dynasty around 605, is 50.82 meters long, 9.6 meters wide and 37.37 meters across. The talented architect Li Chun designed and supervised the bridge's construction. The Zhaozhou Bridge boasts a novel structure and beautiful shape. The bridge has a large arch with two smaller arches at each end to help drain flood, reduce the weight of the bridge and save stone. Since its completion, the bridge has withstood numerous floods and earthquakes, but its main structure remains intact and is still utilized today. The Zhaozhou Bridge is a pioneering undertaking in the history of bridge construction in the world and an outstanding achievement in the history of ancient Chinese civilization. Bridges with similar design did not appear in Europe until the 14th century, over 700 years after the Zhaozhou Bridge.

  

  南京长江大桥

  

  南京长江大桥是长江上首座由中国设计、采用国产材料建造的铁路、公路两用桥,

  上层的4车道公路桥长4589米,下层的双轨道铁路桥长6772米。铁路桥连接原来的天津一

  浦口和上海一南京两条铁路线, 使火车过江从过去一个半小时缩短为现在的2分钟。大桥

  是南北交通的重要枢纽,也是南京的著名景点之一。

  南京长江大桥的建成标志着中国桥梁建设的一个飞跃,大大方便了长江两岸的物资

  交流和人员来往,对促进经济发展和改善人民生活起到了巨大作用。

  

  The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is the first railway and highway dual-purpose bridge over the Yangtze river designed by China and built with domestic materials. The upper four-lane highway bridge is 4,589 meters long, while the lower double-track railway bridge is 6,772 meters long. The railway bridge connects the former Tianjin-Pukou and Shanghai-Nanjing railway lines, shortening the railway crossing time from one and a half hours in the past to two minutes now. The bridge is an important junction of north-south traffic and one of the famous scenic spots in Nanjing.

  The completion of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge marked a great leap forward in China's bridge construction, greatly facilitating the exchange of goods and personnel between the two sides of the Yangtze River, and playing a huge role in promoting economic development and improving people's lives.

  

  卢沟桥位于天安门广场西南15公里处,横跨永定河,是北京现存最古老的多拱石桥。卢沟桥最初建成于1192年,1698年重建,由281根柱子支撑。每根柱子上都有一头石狮。这些石狮的头、背、腹部或爪子上都藏着更多的狮子。这些石狮生动逼真,千姿百态,是卢沟桥石雕艺术的精品。桥上的石狮不计其数,因而北京地区流传着 "卢沟桥上的狮子——数不清"的说法。

  卢沟桥不仅以其美学特征闻名于世,还被公认为是石桥建筑史上的一座丰碑

  

  Located 15 kilometers southwest of Tiananmen Square, Lugou Bridge spans the Yongding River and is the oldest surviving multi-arch stone bridge in Beijing The original construction of the bridge was completed in 1192 and then in 1698 the bridge was reconstructed.It is supported by 281 pillars and on each pillar stands a stone lion. There are more lions hiding on the head, back or under the belly or on paws of each lion. These stone lions are vivid and realistic, with a variety of postures, and are the fine art of stone carving in Lugou Bridge. It is often said in Beijing ''there are countless lions on the Lugou Bridge”since there are so many stone lions on the bridge.Lugou Bridge is not only famous for its aesthetic features, but also recognized as a monument in the history of stone bridge architecture.

  有道版:

  Part I Writing (30minutes)

  (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试)

  写作一

  Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the

  sentence "Nowadays more and more people keep learning new skills to adapt to a fastchanging world." You can make comments, cite examples, or use your personal experiences

  to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

  范文:

  In modern society with an accelerated and fast-changing world, competition is almost

  everywhere whether you are in the job market or taking a public exam. The past several years

  have witnessed a sharp increase in the number of skills provided for college students who seek

  to find a decent job.

  From my perspective, it is of great necessity for college students to equip with more

  practical skills, and individual ability plays a more important role. To begin with, knowledge

  and ability are crucial for employees’ survival. If a company wants to flourish, it needs new

  talents who can provide novel insights. Multi-skills enable one to fit into the evolving society.

  In the long run, the new recruits can definitely bring companies much revenue. Moreover,

  compound talents are needed in society and college students must study continually to keep

  abreast with the times.

  To sum up, keeping a continuous learning attitude and following the evolving society are

  two possible ways to tackle the fast-changing and updating world which is now prevalent in

  modern society. The time is right for us to take advantage of ample existing opportunities to

  meet tomorrow.

  

  写作二

  Part I Writing (30minutes)

  (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试)

  Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the

  sentence “Nowadays more an id more people take delight in offering help to the needy.”

  You can make comments, cite examples, or use your personal experiences to develop your

  essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

  In modern society with a more civilized society, moral obligation is stronger whether you

  are in public or Internet. The past several years have witnessed a sharp increase in the number

  of news coverages admiring the spirit of doing boldly what is righteous.

  From my perspective, although initiatives to help are encouraging, it is of great necessity

  for social stability to provide the right help to the needy. There are some suggestions to support

  someone. To begin with, what has worked for someone before may not work for the next person.

  We all need to be mindful of discrepancies in characteristics, home situations, and capacities

  when we are trying to target the best possible way we can help. Moreover, it can be

  uncomfortable for some introverted people to accept our help. Therefore, we should pay special

  attention to developing friendships with them, and identify the help they really need.

  By and large, I personally argue that reaching out to people should be properly and

  righteously. The mass media should also join in the efforts in educating the citizens. Only

  through concerted steps can our society have more peace and harmony.

  

  写作三

  Part I Writing (30minutes)

  (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试)

  Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the

  sentence “Nowadays more and more people choose to live an environmentally friendly

  lifestyle.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop

  your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

   In recent years, as China is marked by rapid economic growth and continuous technological

  innovation, people’s living standard has been very much improved. Therefore, we are more

  concerned about how to enhance an environment-friendly society.

   From my perspective, it is of great necessity and popularity to conserve and protect our

  natural resources and individual actions play a more important role. There are some sustainable

  living ideas to get us started. To begin with, do not waste food. An examination reveals that

  millions of tons of food are wasted in the world every year. This isn’t just a huge waste of food

  and money, but it adds to the amount of CO2 being created in landfills. Moreover, energy

  conservation is one of the most important things we can do to reduce our carbon footprint.

  Leaving our electrical on standby wastes energy—turn the switch off when not needed.

  To sum up, saving food and energy are two possible ways to adapt to the environmentfriendly values which are now prevalent in modern society. The time is right for us to make a

  change and create a better world for future generations.

  

  Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

  Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese

  into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2

  翻译一

  南京长江大桥是长江上首座由中国设计、采用国产材料建造的铁路、公路两用桥,上层

  的 4 车道公路桥长 4589 米,下层的双轨道铁路桥长 6772 米。铁路桥连接原来的天津浦口和上海一南京两条铁路线,使火车过江从过去一个半小时缩短为现在的 2 分钟。大

  桥是南北交通枢纽也是南京的著名景点之一。

  南京长江大桥的示志着中国桥梁建设的一个飞跃,大大方便了长江两岸的物资交流和人

  员来往,对促进经济发展和改善人民生活起到了巨大作用。

  The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is the first Chinese-designed, dual-purpose railway and

  highway bridge on the Yangtze River built with domestic materials. The upper level of the 4-

  lane highway bridge is 4,589 meters long, while the lower level of the double-track railway

  bridge is 6,772 meters long. The railway bridge connects the original Tianjin-Pukou and

  Shanghai-Nanjing railway lines, shortening the train crossing from an hour and a half in the

  past to 2 minutes now. The bridge is an important hub for north-south traffic and one of the

  famous attractions of Nanjing.

  The establishment of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge marked a leap forward in bridge

  construction in China, greatly facilitating the exchange of goods and people between the two

  sides of the Yangtze River and playing a huge role in promoting economic development and

  improving people's lives.

  

  翻译二

  沟桥位于天安门广场西南 15 公里处,横跨永定河,是北京现存最古老的多拱石桥。卢

  沟桥最初建成于 1192 年,1698 年重建,由 281 根柱子支撑。每根柱子上都有一头石狮。

  这些石狮的头、背、腹部或爪子上都藏着更多的狮子。这些石狮生动逼真、千安百志卢

  沟桥石刻艺术的精品。桥上的石狮不计其数,因而北京地区流传着“卢沟桥上的狮子--数

  不清”的说法。

  卢沟桥不仅以美学特征闻名于世,还被公认为石桥建筑史上的一座丰碑。

  Located 15 kilometers southwest of Tianmen Square and spanning the Yongding River, Lugou

  Bridge is the oldest surviving multi-arch stone bridge in Beijing. Originally built in 1192 and

  rebuilt in 1698, the Lugou Bridge is supported by 281 pillars. On each pillar is a stone lion, and

  on the head, back, belly, or paws of these stone lions are hidden more lions. These stone lions

  are vivid and realistic, with a variety of postures, and are a fine example of the stone carving

  art of the Lugou Bridge. There are countless stone lions on the bridge, hence the saying ‘the

  stone lions on the Lugou Bridge are too many to count’ in the Beijing area.

  The Lugou Bridge is not only famous for its aesthetic features but is also recognized as a

  monument in the history of stone bridge architecture.

  

  

  翻译三

  赵州桥建于隋朝,公元 605 年左右,长 50.82 米,宽 9.6 米,跨度 37.37 米。天才建筑

  师李春设计并监督了桥的建设。赵州桥结构新颖、造型优美。桥有一个大拱,在大拱的

  两端各有两个小拱,帮助排泄洪水、减轻桥梁重量并节省石材。建成以来,该桥经受了

  多次洪水和地震,但其主体结构仍然完好无损,至今仍在使用。赵州桥是世界桥梁建筑

  史上的 一项创举,是中国古代文史上的一项杰出成就。类似设计的桥梁直到 14 世纪才

  有欧洲出现,比赵州桥晚了 700 多年。

  The Zhaozhou Bridge was built in the Sui Dynasty, around 605 AD. And it is 50.82 meters

  long, 9.6 meters wide, and has a span of 37.37 meters. The genius architect Li Chun designed

  and supervised the construction of the bridge. The Zhaozhou Bridge is of novel structure and

  beautiful shape. It has one large arch and two smaller arches at each end of the large arch to

  help drain flood waters, reducing the weight of the bridge and saving the material of stone.

  Since its construction, the bridge has withstood many floods and earthquakes, but its main

  structure is still intact and still in use today. The Zhaozhou Bridge is an innovation in the world

  of bridge construction and outstanding achievement in the history of ancient Chinese literature.

  Bridges of similar design did not appear in Europe until the 14th century, more than 700 years

  after the Zhaozhou Bridge.

  

  听力题目

  Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)

  Section A

  Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each

  conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be

  spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four

  choices marked A).B).C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a

  single line through the centre.

  Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

  1. A)He is a staff writer. C) He is an author of fiction.

  B) He is an adventurer. D) He is a father of four kids.

  2. A)They are interested in fairy tales. C) They are a headache to their parents.

  B) They are curious and autonomous. D) They are ignorant of politics.

  3.A) He offers them ample editorial guidance.C) He gives them encouragement

  B) He recommends model essays to them. D) He teaches them proofreading.

  4. A)Her tastes in books changed.

  B) She realized the power of reading

  C) Her reading opened her eyes to the world.

  D) She began to perceive the world differently.

  Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

  5.A) She is a website designer. C) She is a main street store owner

  B) She is a university graduate. D) She is a successful entrepreneur

  6. A) They were repeatedly rejected by shops. C)They showed her natural talent.

  B) They were popular with her classmates. D) They were mostly failures.

  7. A)She had a strong interest in doing it.

  B) She did not like ready-made clothes.

  C) She could not find clothes of her size. OMA

  D) She found clothes in shops unaffordable.

  8. A) Study fashion design at college. C)Add designs for women. I ti89

  B) Improve her marketing strategy D) Expand her business.

  Section B

  Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will

  hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After

  you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked

  A).B).C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line

  through the centre.

  Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  9. A)Utilizing artificial intelligence to find a powerful new antibiotic

  B) Discovering bacteria which are resistant to all known antibiotics. C) Identifying bacterial

  strains that are most harmful to human health D) Removing a deadly strain of bacteria in

  humans with a new antibiotic

  10.A) Ever-increasing strains of bacteria C) The similarity between known drugs.

  B) Bacteria’s resistance to antibiotics D) The growing threat of bacteria to health

  11. A)Dispense with experimental testing.

  B) Predict whether compounds are toxic. C)Foresee human reaction to antibiotics.

  D) Combat bacteria's resistance to antibiotics

  Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  12.A) By theorization. C) By observation.

  B) By generalization. D) By conversation.

  13.A)They are easy to detect. C) They are groundless.

  B) They are well intended. D) They are harmless.

  14.A) Mostly by chance.

  B) Basically objective D) Dependent on their analytical ability

  C) Subject to their mental alertness

  15.A)Looking the speaker in the eye.

  B) Listening carefully to the speaker. C)Measuring the speaker's breathing rate.

  D) Focusing on the speaker’s facial expressions

  Section C

  Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings oflectures or talks followed by

  three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. Afier you hear a question, you

  must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B) C) and D). Then mark the

  corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

  Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

  16. A) They don’t treat patients with due respect

  B) They witness a lot of doctor-patient conflicts. C) They have to deal with social workers’

  strikes. D) They don't care how much patients have to pay

  17.A) Appear submissive and grateful to doctors and nurses.

  B) Express a strong desire to be consulted or informed. C) Refrain from saying anything that

  sounds negative. D) Note down the names of all the doctors and nurses.

  18.A) Cooperative. C) Passive.

  B) Appreciative D) Responsive.

  Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

  19. A) Its members work together despite risks of failure.

  B) It prioritizes recruiting young energetic members. C) Its members stay in touch even after it

  breaks up. D) It grows more and more mature professionally.

  20.A) Their differences are likely to impact productivity.

  B) Their similarity is conducive to future collaboration. C) Their connections strengthen with

  the passage of time. D) Their mutual understanding stems from a common goal.

  21.A)It is characterized by diversity. C) Its members have similar backgrounds.

  B)Its goals are quite inconsistent. D) It is connected by a unique mechanism.

  Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

  22. A) Putting aside twenty percent of one’s eanings

  B) Spending in anticipation of becoming wealthy. C) Living off a small proportion of one’s

  income. D) Saving as much as one can possibly manage.

  23.A) It empowers them to cope with irrational emotions.

  B) It will guarantee the profits from their investments. C) It will turn them into successful

  financial planners. D) It enables them to focus on long-term investments.

  24.A) They count on others to take the responsibility

  B) They change their investment strategy in time. C) They think they themselves are to blame

  D) They persist rather than get discouraged.

  25. A)They do not resist novel lifestyles

  B) They do not try to keep up with others C) They do not care what they have acquired.

  D) They do not pressure themselves to get rich

  

  听力原文

  conversation 1

  W: (1) Mr. David Jackson Youdao, a staff writer at the New Yorker is known for his non-fiction

  books of adventure. Today we go on a different kind of adventure. Jackson's life of parenting

  his offspring. David, as a parent of an 11 and a 14-year-old, what is the most interesting issue

  you are dealing with right now?

  M: It's easy to focus on the challenges, but so far I find these ages to be kind of wonderful.

  (2) They are independent and they have their own curiosities and obsessions. You can talk to

  them about fairly sophisticated subject matter, such as politics.

  W: Yes. That does sound refreshing compared with talking to younger children. Do they ask

  you to proofread their essays?

  M: Certainly, with writing, they do. (3) I really just try to be encouraging. I think at this age,

  editorial guidance is less important than encouragement.

  W: Are there books that you think are important that your children read and that all children

  read?

  M: My general thought is to read widely and to incorporate a love for reading. Learning to love

  to read, I think is the optimal thing, because it gives you a skill you can take anywhere.

  W: So, you are not too concerned like some parents with the content they're reading. I know I

  have some worries about that.

  M: Yeah. Read what you like. If a child loves graphic novels or comic books, whatever it is

  that is turning them on to read and turning on their imagination.

  W: (4) I feel that children's tastes in books change as they reach adolescence. I know that mine

  certainly did when I was a teenager. What do you think?

  M: I think it's especially important as they get older to read subject matter that will open their

  eyes to the world and people. So, I think both fiction and non-fiction are really important

  because they give you the power to begin to perceive the world through the lives of others.

  Q1.

  What do we learn about David Youdao from the conversation?

  Q2.

  What does the man think of young teenagers?

  Q3.

  How does the man help his kids with their essays?

  Q4.

  What does the woman say about herself when she was a teenager?

  KEYS:

  1) A He is a staff writer.

  2) B They are curious and autonomous.

  3) C He gives them encouragement.

  4) A Her tastes in books changed.

  conversation 2

  M: In this episode of money talks, (5)our guest is Molly Sanders, a university student and a

  successful young entrepreneur. Molly, tell us about your business.

  W: Well, I sell specialty clothes through a website, mainly for women who have trouble finding

  suitable clothes in main street shops because of their height or weight, but I do some men's

  clothes too.

  M: How did you get started in this business at such a young age? Are you studying fashion

  design?

  W: Actually I'm majoring in finance, but I've always loved clothes, and I started making my

  own at 14.

  M: Did you have any sort of training in design or sewing or was it a natural ability?

  W: I'd have to say no to both. No one taught me to make clothes. (6)And most of the things I

  made at first were disasters.

  M: Why did you persevere? I think most people would give up if they kept failing, especially

  at that age.

  W: (7)I kept on out of necessity. As you can see, I'm very tall and I couldn't find clothes that fit

  me in ordinary shops, so I kept trying and developed my skills over time.

  M: Well, my notes say you earned $50,000 in profits last year, an extraordinary amount for a

  20-year-old student. How did that happen? Did you see a gap in the market and decide to fill

  it?

  W: No. When I started university, some classmates complimented my clothes, and when I said

  I made them myself, other tall women started asking if I would make theirs and I did, and before

  I knew it, I was an entrepreneur.

  M: So what are your plans for the future? Do you intend to open a physical.

  W: No, I'll keep things online to keep costs down, but I will add more clothes for children, both

  girls and boys, and possibly even for infants. And I hope to add to my range of designs for men.

  Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

  Q5

  What do we learn about the woman?

  Q6

  What does the woman say about the clothes she made first?

  Q7

  Why did the woman persevere in making clothes for herself?

  Q8

  What does the woman plan to do in the future?

  Keys:

  5) D She is a successful entrepreneur.

  6) D They were mostly failures.

  7) C She could not found clothes of her size.

  8) D Expand her business.

  passage 1

  Researchers have identified a potent new antibiotic compound using artificial intelligence. The

  antibiotic can kill very dangerous bacteria. According to a study published in the journal cell,

  the compound successfully removed deadly strains of bacteria in mice, which are resistant to

  all known antibiotics.

  9. The researchers say this is the first time that artificial intelligence has been used to find a

  powerful new antibiotic molecule. Why does this matter? The answer is antibiotic resistance.

  This happens when bacteria develop the ability to survive the medications designed to kill them.

  10. Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to health and the problem is growing. This makes

  finding new antibiotics very important. However, in recent decades, very few have been

  developed and those that have tend to be very similar to drugs already available. These searches

  also tend to only focus on a narrow spectrum of chemical compounds, but this is where artificial

  intelligence comes in.

  有道考神

  Why? To find new drugs, scientists, screen molecules, to predict how effective they might be.

  Typically, such screening is done by humans in the lab, which is both costly and slow. Artificial

  intelligence is different. It's fast, and it can process a high volume. It can screen hundreds of

  millions of compounds to identify a few interesting candidates that require experimental testing.

  11. Artificial intelligence is also able to predict if compounds are likely to be toxic. Some

  experts assert that this work signifies a paradigm shift in antibiotic discovery. It could change

  drug discovery more general.

  Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  Question 9. What have researchers done for the first time in history?

  Question 10. What makes it important to find new antibiotic drugs?

  Question 11. What does the passage say Artificial intelligence is able to do in antibiotic research?

  KEYs:

  1. A. Utilizing artificial intelligence to find a powerful new antibiotic.

  2. B. Bacteria's resistance to antibiotics.

  3. B. Predict whether compounds are toxic.

  passage 2

  A recent study overturned what we think we know about lying. Most of us have a theory about

  how to tell if someone is telling a lie. We may develop that theory (12) from observations of

  those people we know well and see regularly. But we tend to generalize what we gather from

  that unscientific daily research and make it a universal theory

  

  So we might imagine that liars have evasive eyes or the opposite. They simply stare at you, or

  perhaps it is more generally nervous behavior we associate with lies. Whatever the particular

  theory it's usually based on close observation of people we know. And we get lots of practice.

  On average, we're lied to some 200 times per day.

  These are mostly harmless lies, but lies nonetheless. But there's a problem with our theories,

  even though they're based on all this observation. The average person, you and me, tested

  rigorously on how well we detect lies, fails to do better than chance. That's well established

  over many studies, and lots of attempts by researchers to work out reliable ways to detect lies.

  It's even relatively easy to fool lie detectors, the gold standard of lie detection by training

  yourself in breathing techniques and symptom suppression. Is there any way to get better at

  detecting lies? The new research offers some surprising advice. Stop looking and listen instead.

  It turns out that if we're unable to see the face, but rather focus on the voice of the person in

  question, our accuracy rate improves considerably.

  Q12

  According to the passage, how do most people detect lying?

  Q13

  What does the passage say about most lies?

  Q14

  What have many studies uncovered about the average person's lie detection?

  Q15

  What advice does the new research offer regarding lie detection?

  KEYS:

  12) C By observation.

  13) D They are harmless.

  14) A Most by chance

  15) B Listening carefully to the speaker.

  lecture 1

  Recording one

  Appear to be submissive, humble, grateful, and undemanding show great pleasure when a

  doctor comes into your room, even if the visit is brief and useless. Don't challenge anyone with

  authority, unless you are famous or very rich. Those are a few strategies for dealing with today's

  American medical establishment.

  What patients want is to be treated with respect and consideration. But in my experience, too

  few hospitals and doctors are ready to do that. In his book, A Whole New Life, novelist Reynolds

  Price recalls that his doctors chose a crowded hallway as the place to tell him he might have a

  tumor on his spinal cord.

  It did not occur to the two physicians that a hallway was not the most appropriate place for that

  particular piece of news. My surgeon, who is in his mid-thirties, looks tired. He has been

  overwhelmed with patients who have fallen on the winter ice. He is a witty man, but sometimes

  his wit is unwelcome.

  “The health insurance company, Blue Cross, wants me to put you out in the snow tomorrow

  afternoon”, he tells me after I have been in the hospital for more than a week. I'm terrified

  because I have no idea where to go. I cannot walk or even lift my leg a few inches. The hospital's

  social worker strikes me as an idiot, but my complaints about her only annoy my surgeon.

  “I have to work with these people”, He tells my friend, Dr. Karen Bradney when she mercifully

  intervenes on my behalf and arranges for me to be transferred to another hospital. “If you say

  one negative thing, they get defensive”, She tells me later. They have this kind of institutional

  loyalty-- always bring an advocate, that is any other person with you to the hospital and write

  down every single question and the answer, the name of every doctor and nurse. When people

  know you have their names, they behave better. And Bruin adds, if you, as a patient suggests

  that you might li

  are considered difficult.

  They want you to be totally passive. The entire healthcare system, particularly hospitals and

  nursing homes exists for reasons that have nothing to do with taking care of patients. Patients

  are incidental.

  Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

  Question 16

  What does the speaker say about most American hospitals?

  Question 17

  What does Karen Briney suggest patients do?

  Question 18

  What do American doctors expect their patients to be according to Karen Briney?

  Keys:

  16) A They don't treat patients with due respect.

  17) C Refrain from saying anything that sounds negative.

  18) C Passive.

  lecture 2

  There are probably teams you've worked with that you never want to work with again, but there

  must have also been other teams that you would prize reuniting with professionally. In other

  words, your team had vitality. (19)Vitality comes about when the ties people form with their

  fellow team members are such that they stay connected even after the team breaks up. What

  characteristics of a team make its members more likely to stay in contact despite no longer

  working together?

  This question has been answered recently in a study published in a business journal. One of the

  two key factors the research team discovered is sameness, specifically sharing the same gender

  or ethnic origin. The more members of a team share similar demographics, the more inclined

  they'll be to remain associates long after the team has served its purpose. (20)After ties are

  established, similarity strengthens then. As a result, they regard these individuals with greater

  trust and mutual understanding, which motivates them to seek further opportunities for

  collaboration.

  In effect, people tend to create stronger and longer lasting connections with similar others.

  Someone who looks and sounds different from us may have the resources we need to be more

  success. Yet, we find them to be significantly less credible, simply because they are different.

  If you are a fierce advocate of workplace diversity, you'll no doubt be horrified by such a

  revelation.

  The second factor identified by the researchers is the quality of the relationships among the

  team members. The more they trust one another, share the same goals and depend on each other

  for the achievement of those goals, the stronger their chances of maintaining their connections,

  despite no longer working as one team. Teams with quality relationships, have a shared belief

  that it's safe to take risks with each other, and that members are obliged to share the workload

  and help out.

  From personal experience, I can see both the truth and the inconsistency of such studies. The

  truth is some of my closest friendships were formed as a result of having worked together on

  teams, and I actively seek opportunities to work with them again. The inconsistency though, is

  that I've never worked for a team more successful and cohesive than the one of which I'm a

  member right now, (21)and yet the four of us have very little in common and are completely

  different demographically, so I'm unlikely to question the value of a diverse workforce.

  Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

  Q19

  What does the speaker say about a team with vitality?

  Q20

  What do the researchers find out about members of a team?

  Q21

  What do we learn about the team the speaker is currently working in?

  Keys:

  C. It's members stay in touch even after it breaks up.

  B. Their similarity is conducive to future collaboration.

  A It is characterized by diversity.

  lecture 3

  

  An American researcher who studied 600 millionaires found how rich you can get comes down

  to six wealth factors. She found that six behaviors are related to net worth potential, regardless

  of age or income.

  These were thriftiness, confidence, responsibility, planning, focus, and social indifference.

  Being thrifty comes as no great surprise.

  Spending above your means spending instead of saving for retirement. spending in anticipation

  of becoming wealthy makes you a slave to the paycheck.

  (22) “Even with an astronomical level of income,” she wrote,“to properly build wealth,

  experts recommend saving 20% of your income and living off the remaining 80%.”

  Having confidence is another key characteristic, as it helps people to be thrifty.

  It takes confidence to live within your means.

  It also takes confidence to invest properly, instead of making investing decisions with your

  emotions.

  (23) Financial planners advise that you should leave your investments alone and focus on a

  long term investment plan.

  But people can't invest or manage their own money without accepting responsibility for the

  outcomes.

  Many millionaires take on personal responsibility and most also happen to be self-made,

  meaning they didn't acquire their wealth through luck.

  Millionaires don't count on anyone else to make them rich. (24) And they don't blame anyone

  else, if they fall short.

  They focus on things they can control and align their daily habits to the goals they have set for

  themselves

  They tend to be goal oriented and hard workers, which enables them to plan financially and

  focus on seeing those plans through.

  92% of the millionaire surveyed, developed a long term plan for their money. And 97% almost

  always achieved the goals they set for themselves.

  And it is these behaviors that make it easy for them to be socially indifferent.

  (25)They resist lifestyle creep, the tendency to spend more whenever one earns more.

  Essentially they don't yield to pressure to buy the latest thing or to keep up with others or

  what they have acquired instead of being focused on what might make them happy today,

  they're focused on their long term wealth building plan.

  Q22.

  What do experts recommend concerning being thrifty?

  Q23.

  How does confidence help people to be thrifty?

  Q24.

  How do millionaires react when they fail in their investment?

  Q25.

  Why does the speaker say millionaires are socially indifferent?

  KEYS:

  22) A Putting aside 20% of one's earnings.

  23) D It enables them to focus on long-term investments.

  24) C They think they themselves are to blame.

  25) B They do not try to keep up with others.

  

  

  阅读

  选词填空-1 套

  Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

  Section A

  Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one

  word for each blank from a list ofchoices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the

  passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by

  a letterPlease mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line

  through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

  The city of Bath was founded by the Romans almost two thousand years ago. It has been famous

  for its26pleasing architecture and healing thermal springs ever since.

  There are three hot springs in Bath; one is the King’s Springupon which the Roman Baths and

  a temple were27The other two are the Cross Spring and the Hetling Spring close to each other

  in Hot Bath Street. Although Bath is28known as a Roman and Georgian city, many people

  came in the intervening centuries to make use of the29 waters.

  While the Georgians made "taking the waters’or bathing particularly fashionable, it was30

  generations who paved the way, creating greater interest in Bath and its springs. Charles II.

  desperate for an heir and unable to produce a3son. came to Bath to take the waters in the hope

  that their magical powers would do something to32the situation. Craving for a male heir James

  and Mary both came to Bath and soon after produced a son, which bred many conspiracy

  theories about who was the real father of their33_ Regardless, the'miracle’created something

  of a boom in tourism for Bath and once Queen Anne had paid a visit in 1702, sealing it as the

  place to be, the whole nation 34 to the city.

  Afterwards, the spas(矿泉疗养浴场) in Bath continued to go in and out of fashion for more

  than 150 years until they closed completely.The new Bath Spa, which opened in

  2006.35modern architecture with the ancient spring. now the New Royal Bath.

  A)aesthetically I) offspring

  B) constructed J) previous

  C) designates K)principally

  D) extract L)remedy

  E) flocked M) rhetorically

  F) incorporates N) sneaked

  G) legitimate O) versatile

  H) natural

  参考答案:

  26.A aesthetically

  27. B constructed

  28. K principally

  29. H natural

  30. J previous

  31. G legitimate

  32. L remedy

  33. I offspring

  34. E flocked

  35. F incorporates

  段落匹配-1 套

  Section B

  Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.

  Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from

  which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph

  is marked with a letter:Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer

  Sheet 2

  The Doctor Will Skype You Now

  [A] Fazila is a young woman that has been dealing with eczema(湿疹), a common skin

  condition, for the past five years, but never got it treated.The nearest hospital is an hour away,

  by boat and bus, and her skin condition didn’t seem serious enough to make the trek, so she

  ignored it-until a new technology brought the doctor to her. Fazila lives on one of the remote

  river islands in northern Bangladesh.These islands are low-lying,temporary sand islands that

  are continuously formed and destroyed through sand buildup and erosion. They are home to

  over six million people, who face repeated displacement from flooding and erosion-which may

  be getting worse because of climate change-and a range of health risks, including poor

  nutrition,malaria(疟疾)and other water-bome diseases.

  [B] The most dangerous thing for these remote island dwellers is land erosion.The second is

  lack of access to medical supplies and doctorsThere are no doctors within miles, and while

  child mortality and maternal death have gone down in the rest of the country, this is not the

  case for the islands.The medical situation is so bad that it really takes away from the quality of

  their life. Yet for many island inhabitants-some of Bangladesh’s poorest- paying for health care

  is a costly ordealVictims of erosion lose their houses, agricultural land and jobs as farmers,

  fishermen and day laborers.Though govenment hospitals are free, many people hesitate to go,

  citing long commutes, endless lines and questionable diagnoses. For convenience’s sake, onethird of rural households visit unqualified village doctors, who rely on unscientific methods of

  treatment, according to a 2016 study in the peer-reviewedjournal Global Health Action.

  [C] On the islands, there’s even a colloquial(口头的) expression for the idea of making

  medical care your lowest priority: It’s known as“rog pushai rakha” in Bengali, which roughly

  translates to “stockpiling their diseases”- waiting to seck medical attention until a condition

  becomes extremely serious. Now, a new virtual medical service called Teledaktar (TD) is trying

  to make heaith care more easily accessible. Every week,TD's medical operators travel to the

  islands by boat, carrying a laptop, a portable printer for prescriptions and tools to run basic

  medical screenings such as blood pressure, blood sugar, body temperature and weight. They

  choose an area of the island with the best Intenet reception and set up a makeshif(临时凑合的)

  medical center which consists of plastic stools and small tables borrowed from the locals’

  homes, a tent in case of rain and a shcet that is strung up to give the patients privacy during

  their session.

  [D] Launched in October 2018, TD has eight centers in towns and villages across rural

  Bangladesh and on three islands. It is funded by a nonprofit organization founded by

  Bangladeshi entrepreneurs, finance and technology professionals.Inside the center, the laptop

  screen lights up to reveal Dr.Tina Mustahid,TD’s head physician,live-streamed(网络直播)

  from the capital city of Dhaka for free remote medical consultations. Affectionately called

  Doctor Apa -“older sister”in Bengali-by her patients, she is one of three volunteer doctors at

  TD.

  [E] “I diagnose them through conversation,”says Dr. Mustahid. “Sometimes it's really

  obvious things that local doctors don’t have the patience to talk through with their patients. For

  example, a common complaint mothers come in with is that their children refuse to eat their

  meals. The mothers are concemed they are dealing with indigestion, but it’s because they are

  feeding the children packaged chips which are cheap and convenient. I tell them it is ruining

  their appetite and ask them to cut back on unhealthy snacks.”Dr.Mustahid says building

  awareness about health and nutrition is important for island patients who are cut off from

  mainland resources.

  [F]Even off the islands,Bangladesh faces a critical deficit of health services. The country has

  half the doctors-per-person ratio recommended by the World Health Organization: roughly one

  doctor per 2,000 people, instead of one doctor per1000people. And of those physicians, many

  are concentrated in cities:70% of the country’s population live in rural areas, yet less than 20%

  of health workers practice there,Over 70% ofTD’s 3,000 patients are female, in part because

  many are not comfortable speaking with local doctors who tend to be male.The rural women

  are mostly not literate or confident enough to travel on their own to the nearest town to visit

  medical facilities. Many have spent their entire lives rebuilding their homes when the islands

  flood. Early marriage and young motherhood which are prevalent in these parts of

  Bangladeshalso contribute to the early onset of health problems.

  [G]For most TD patients on the islands,Dr.Mustahid is the first big-city doctor that they’ve ever

  consulted.TD doctors are not meant to treat serious illnesses or conditions that require a doctor

  to be physically present, such as pregnancy But theycan write prescriptions, diagnose common

  ailments-including digestive issues joint pain, skin diseases, fever and the conimon cold-and

  refer patients to doctors at local hospitals.The visit is also an opportunity for the patients,

  especially womento air their concens about aging, motherhood and reproductive health

  according to Dr.Mustahid.The doctors also offer health, dictary and lifestyle advice where

  necessary,including insight on everything from recognizing postnatal(产后的)depression to

  daily exercise.Dr. Mustahid regularly recommends her patients to take a daily thirty-minute

  morning walk before the sun gets too intense

  [H]After a few sessions about general health issues Fazila finally opened up about something

  else that was bothering her: her persistent skin condition. It can get expensive to travel to the

  doctor, so usually the women living on the islands describe their illness to their husbands.The

  husbands then go to the pharmacy,try to describe the issue and return home with some random

  medicines. Nothing worked for Fazila until she started seeing Dr.Apa.

  [I] Other nonprofits are also starting to provide health services on the islands. A local

  non-governmental organization called Friendship operates floating boat hospitals that provide

  health services to islands all over Bangladesh,docking at each for two months at a time.

  Friendship also runs satellite clinics in which one doctor and one clinic aide who are residents

  of the community disperse health and hygiene information.

  [J]TD still has a few major challenges. Many residents complain the medicines they are

  prescribed are sometimes unaffordable,but the govenment isn’t doing enough for them. Patients

  often ask why the medicine isn’t free along with the consultation from the doctors The

  organizations are linked to local pharmacies and offer discounts to the patients and

  even that.make sure to prescribe the most cost-effective brands,but still many residents can’t

  afford

  [K]NeverthelessTD’s remote consultations seem to bepopular:Of 3000 patients at least

  200 have returned for follow-ups,according toTD.The reason, explains one resident might be

  the simple gesture of treating the island inhabitants with respect.“Dr. Apa is patient," he

  says.“At government hospitals, the doctors treat us very badly, but here they listen to us, I can

  repeat myself many times and no one gets annoyed.”food.

  36. Some children on the remote islands won’t eat their meals because they are fed cheap junk

  high on the river islands

  37. Unlike other parts of Bangladesh, the number of women who die from giving birth remains

  even with discounts offered.

  38. One big problem many islanders have is that they can’t afford the prescribed medicines

  organizations.

  39.TD is a virtual medical service financially supported by one of the nation’s nonprofit

  40.TD doctors are welcome to the islanders bccause thev treat the sick with respect and

  patience.

  41. Women islanders tend to have health problems carly partly because they get married and

  give birth early.

  42.doctors make weekly visits to the remote islands to provide services at a temporary

  medical center.

  43.TD doctors provide the islanders with online diagnoses and treatments for common diseases.

  44.The residents of the river islands have to keep moving their homes because of floods and

  land erosions.

  45.Women islanders usually rely on their husbands to get some medicines for them without

  diagnoses and prescriptions.

  Keys:

  36.E

  37.B

  38.J

  39.D

  40.K

  41.F

  42.C

  43.D

  44.A

  45.H

  仔细阅读-1 套

  Section C

  Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions

  or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You

  should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a

  single line through the centre.

  Passage One

  Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Selective colleges and universities in the U.S.are under fire for being too elite and too expensive,

  and for not training graduates for the world of work.Such charges ignore the fact that these

  institutions continue to prepare students for success in their work, for thoughtful engagement

  in civic life, for lifelong learning, and for understanding the world and those with whom they

  live.

  These colleges and universities must be doing something right. Applications are at record highs,

  and their financial aid programs make them more accessible than ever. This model of education

  has long played a central role in creating opportunity, driving economic growth, and spurring

  innovation.

  Yet. there is growing skepticism about the value of this model.The recent tax reform bill is a

  wake-up call that our strongest colleges and universities are under assault by some in

  govemment. The initial proposals would have made education unaffordable for many by taxing

  tuition waivers for graduate students and ending deductions for student loan interes Thankfully,

  these provisions were ultimately stripped from the bill, but lawmakers let stand a new tax on

  the investment income of some colleges and universities.

  While these attacks are motivated by misguided ideas, we need to do a better job of explaining

  why these claims are false and why what we do is valuable. We cannot take fo granted that any

  of this is obvious.

  t is often said that elite colleges and universities do not train students, particularly those who

  study the liberal arts, for the workforce. But this can be refuted by scholarly research. The data

  are clear: a liberal arts education is great career preparation, both for excellent lifetime earnings

  and for satisfaction with the work.This education develops the skills of critical thinking,

  rigorous analysis of data and facts, communication with the written and spoken word

  understanding ofcultural differences and issues, and the ability to keep leaning. In fact, liberal

  arts graduates do extremely well in every imaginabie field.

  Access to an education at selective colleges and universities is now more available than ever to

  low- and middle-income famillies. We have built endowments from donations by alumn(校友)

  and parents who understand and appreciate our mission to provide access and opportunity, and

  a significant portion of the retuns from these endowments is used to fund financial aid.

  Ironically, the new tax on endowments drains financial aid funds from the very schools most

  able to offer opportunity to those who have earned a spot but cannot otherwise afford this

  education. Beyond the virtue of access to those who have earned a place at these schools,the

  diversity of economic backgrounds enhances the education and experience of all of our students.

  46.What fact does the author emphasize concerning selective colleges and universities?

  A) They have been ignoring the training of graduates for the world of work.

  B)They have been doing well in ensuring their students a successful future

  C)They have been constantly attacked for being too elite and too expensive.

  D) They have been actively engaged in civic life beyond the school campus

  47.What does the author say in arguing for the model of education in the U.S.?

  A) It has contributed substantially to the nation’s overall development. B) It has succeeded in

  maintaining sustainable financial aid programs. C) It has given priority to innovative programs

  for graduate studies. D) It has played a centra role in attracting intenational applicants.

  48. What do we learn about the initial proposals concerning the recent tax reform bill?

  A) They would have stripped many students of life’s chances.

  B) They would have deducted graduate student loan interest.

  C)They would have added to many students financial burden.

  D)They would have increased the mumber of tuition waivers.

  49. What do the data show about elite colleges and universities?

  A) Their graduates lack the rigor required for doing statistical analysis.

  B) Their students prove to be inadequately prepared for their future careers.

  C) Their focus on research is conducive to developing students critical thinking.

  D) Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in.

  50.What is an advantage of providing financial aid for students?

  A) Every student can choose the institution they wish to attend B)All students can benefit from

  a diversified student population C) All students will be able to earn a place on university campus.

  D) Less privileged students will be more competitive at elite schools

  Passage Two

  Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  When a group of Australians was asked why they believed climate change was not

  happening,about 36% said it was “common sense”according to a report published last year by

  the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.This was the most popular

  reason for their opinion, with only 11% saying their belief that climate change was not

  happening was based on scientific research.

  But what do we mean by an appeal to common sense? Presumably it’s an appeal to rationality

  of some sort that forms the basis of more complex reasoning.The appeal to common sense,

  however, is usually nothing more than an appeal to thinking that just feels right, but what feels

  right to one person may not feel right to another. Whether it feels right is usually a reflection of

  the world view and ideologies we have internalised, and that frames how we interact with new

  ideas. When new ideas are in accord with what we already believe, they are more readily

  accepted. When they are not, they, and the arguments that lead to them, are more readily

  rejected.

  We often mistake this automatic compatibility testing of new ideas with existing beliefs ase an

  application of common sense, but, in reality, it is more about judging than thinking. Nobelist

  Daniel Kahneman notes in Thinking Fast and Slow,when we arrive at conclusions in this way,

  the outcomes also feel true, regardless of whether they are. We are not psychologically well

  equipped to judge our own thinking.

  We are also highly susceptible to a range of cognitive biases such as giving preference to the

  first things that come to mind when making decisions or giving weight to evidence

  One way we can check our internal biases and inconsistencies is through the social verification

  of knowledge, in which we test our ideas in a rigorous and systematic way to see if they make

  sense not just to us, but to other peopleThe outstanding example of this socially shared

  cognition is science.

  That does not mean that individuals are not capable of excellent thinking, nor does it mean no

  individual is rational. But the extent to which individuals can do this on their own is a function

  of how well integrated they are with communities of systematic inquiry in the fir place. You

  can’t learn to think well by yourself.

  In matters of science at least, those who value their common sense over methodological

  collaborative investigation imagine themselves to be more free in their thinking, unbound by

  involvement with the group, but in reality they are tightly bound by their capabilities and

  perspectives. We are smarter together than we are individually, and perhaps that's just common

  sense.

  51.What does the author intend to show by citing the findings from the report published last

  A)People seldom appeal to rationality in their thinking. year?

  B) It is often the case that truth lies in the hands of a few.

  C) Common sense and science are the two sides of a coin.

  D) Few people know if climate change is really happening

  52. What is the appeal to common sense according to the author?

  A) It is the basis for the intenalisation of individualsideologies.

  B) It is a series of conceptions formulated from complex reasoning

  C) It is collective wisdom that helps people interact with new ideas.

  D) It is something subjective based on what one perceives to be right.

  53.What does Daniel Kahneman think is the problem of testing newideas with existing

  beliefs?

  A) It may lead to incorrect judgment.

  B) It makes no use ofcommon sense.

  C) It fails to correct mistakes through serious reasoning

  D) It can produce psychologically unacceptable outcomes.

  54.What can we do to be less susceptible to cognitive biases?

  A) Give equal weight to evidence of both sides in a conflict.

  B) Provide convincing examples in developing an argument.

  CEstablish socially shared cognition via scientific methods

  D) Avoid inconsistencies when addressing controversial issues.

  55. What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?

  A) Multiple perspectives stimulate people’s interest in exploring the unknown.

  B) Individuals can enhance their overall capabilities by interacting with others.

  C) Individuals should think freely to break from the restrictions of common sense.

  D)Collaborative efforts can overcome individuals’limitations in scientific inquiry

  keys:

  46-55

  B They have been doing well in ensuring their students a successful future

  A It has contributed substantially to the nation’s overall development.

  C They would have added to many student’s financial burden.

  D Their liberal arts education enables graduates to excel in whatever field they are in.

  B All students can benefit from a diversified student population

  A People seldom appeal to rationality in their thinking.

  D It is something subjective based on what one perceives to be right.

  A It may lead to incorrect judgment.

  C Establish socially shared cognition via scientific methods

  D Collaborative efforts can overcome individuals’ limitations in scientific inquiry

  【阅读】第二套

  选词填空-2 套

  Section A

  Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one

  word for each blank from a list ofchoices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the

  passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by

  a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line

  through the centre.You may not use any of the wonds in the bank more than once.

  Thinking kind thoughts about yourself and your loved ones can prove beneficial for your overall

  wellbeing. empirical evidence has shown. Researchers carried out an investigation to

  tat awoli explore the 26 between having kind thoughts and a person's psychological state.

  For the study, five groups of participants were presented with a different set of audio

  instructions, some of which encouraged the participants to think 27 about themselves and others

  which persuaded them to think in a self-critical manner. After listening to the audio instructions.

  the participants were asked to answer a series of questions. These included whether they felt

  agitated, how likely they were to show kindness to themselves and how28they felt to other

  individuals.

  The participants who were instructed to think kindly about themselves were more likely to

  exhibit a bodily response associated with being relaxed and feeling safe Their heart rates also

  dropped, which is a healthy sign of a heart that can respond flexibly to situations. Yet,29

  those who listened to the critical audio clips were noted as having a higher heart rate and sweat

  response afterwards, both of which30feclings of threat and distress

  Having the ability to switch off the body’s natural threat response can31a persons

  immune system. This, in turn, gives them a greater likelihood of recovering quickly from illness.

  These findings help us to further understand some of our clinical trials research findings, where

  we show that individuals with 32 depression benefit particularly from

  GA (Aself-awareness-based 33 therapy. They essentially learn to become more sympathetic to

  00(8 themselves.

  The sense is that for people34to depression, meeting their negative thoughts and feelings with

  35 is a radically different way that these thoughts are not facts. It introduces a different way of

  being and knowing that is quite transformative for many people

  A) adversely I) indignantly

  B) amiably J) insulation

  C)boost K) lavish

  D) cognitive L) prone

  E) compassion M) recurrent

  F) connected N) signify

  G) correlation O) surpass

  H) fascinated

  keys:

  26. G correlation 27. B amiably 28. H facinated 29. A adversely 30 N signify 31. C boost

  32. M recurrent 33. D cognitive 34. L prone 35. E compassion

  段落匹配-2 套

  Section B

  Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it

  Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. dentify the paragraph from

  which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph

  is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer

  Sheet 2

  Saving Our Planet

  [A] In the long view,the human relationship with forests has been one of brutal destruction,

  but even it carries elements of slow hope. In the Middle Agesthere was no shortage of timber

  in most parts of the world,and few saw cutting down forests as a problem. Yet in1548 the people

  of Venice estimated that an important timber supply would last only 30 years at their current

  rate of usage-but different forest management would make it possible to meet the demand for

  many centuries to come.The idea of preserving resources came out of a concern for the future:

  a fear of using up resources faster than they could be replenished(补充).

  [B]Economic interests were at the core of this understanding of trees and forests, It would

  take more than three centuries before scientists began to understand that timber production is

  not the only, and possibly not the most important,function of forests.The late 19th and early

  20th century saw an increasing recognition that forests serve as habitats for countless animal

  and plant species that all rely on each other. They take over protective functions against soil

  erosion and landslides (塌方); they make a significant contribution to the water balance as they

  prevent surface runoff; they filter dirt particles, greenhouse gases and radioactive substances

  from the air; they produce oxygen; they provide spaces for recreation and they preserve historic

  and prehistoric remains. As a result, forests around the world have been set aside as parks or

  wilderness areas

  [C]Recent years have seen a big change in our view of forests.Peter Wohlleben’s book The

  aee od Hidden Life of Trees (2015),an international bestseller, suggests that trees can wan each

  other of danger through a *wood wide web’of roots andfungi(真菌).They support each other

  through sharing of nutrients and information, and they even keep ancient stumps alive by

  feeding them solutions of sugars. Such insights have made us aware of deep ecological

  relationships between humans and the more-than-human world.

  [D] Awareness of ecologies is a recent phenomenon. It was not until the 1940s that the concept

  of the “environment’ embracing all living and nonliving things developed. In the1970s, the

  term 'environment’ gained currency, becoming widely adopted in the English and Romance

  languages, and as 'Umwelt(surrounding world') in German. The emergence of the idea led to

  the rise of environmental agencies, regulations andenvironmental studies, and to environmental science as new, integrated academic disciplines.

  It was in 1956 that the very first bachelor of science in environmental studies was awarded, at

  the State University of New York College of Forestry at Syracuse. Since the 1970s-with the

  rise of environmentalism’-environmental studies programmes have sprung up at hundreds of

  universities. There is (slow) hope in the fact that scholars from many different disciplines have

  adopted the term environment over the past decades. They are exploring intricate connections

  within and between complex ecologies, as well as the impact that human environment-making

  (through techno-industrial, economic and other manipulative developments) has had on the

  biosphere.

  [E] The rise of the idea of the environment and a scholarly understanding of ecological

  processes has influenced new technologies and also politics. We have come to ask questions

  about vulnerability and risk, world ecologies, and the relationship between nature and

  power.The search for an adequate response to clinate change occupies centre ndstage in

  international diplomacy.

  [F] Social and environmental activists, scientists and indigenous groups have called the Paris

  Agreement of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2015 insufficient,

  weak, or compromised To some extentthey areright: climate change has100 already destroyed

  tens of thousands of livelihoods, and the situation will worsen in the near future for millions of

  mostly poorer people, who will join the ranks of those who have already been displaced by

  climate change and extreme weather events.But the Paris Conference nevertheless marked a

  historic step toward the recognition of the need for action on climate change, the cutting of

  carbon emissionsand world cooperation. There were 195 nations that came to the table in Paris

  and agreed to limits on emissions. Historically, nothing comparable had happened prior to

  this.Before the 20th century, a handful of scientists had been interested in the theoretical

  relationship between greenhouse gases and climate change, but only the empirical evidence

  accumulated since the late 20th century established a clear connection between the burning of

  fossil fuels and a vastly accelerated rise in global temperatures.

  [G]The current crisis is not the first that humans have encountered, and a look at the struggles

  with pollution in recent history reveals transformations that once seemed unimaginable. The

  'London fog that came to define the capital through British novels and thrillers is in reality smog

  or smoke, a legacy ofindustrialisation. After a century of ignorance, London was hit by the

  Great Smog of December 1952-the worst air-pollution event in the history of the United

  Kingdom which caused the deaths of approximately 12000 people. Shortly thereafter, public

  initiatives and political campaigns led to strict regulations and new laws, including the Clean

  Air Act(1956). Today London has effectively reduced traffic emissions through the

  introduction of a Congestion Charge Zone in 2003, and an Ultra Low Emission Zone in 2019.

  H]Scientific evidence that we are living in an era ofclimate changeresource exhaustion and

  potential ecological disaster is overwhelming.How dowe motivate a public exhausted by neverending scenarios of doom and disasterwhen the challenges seem so huge and so impossible to

  solve? Statistics about extinction and the gloom of decline will not in themselves get us out of

  our often self-created ecological traps: instead, they are more likely to result in paralysis and

  inaction.

  [I]We need stories and histories of change and transformation:ecological stories that make

  us confront the fact that human power is potentially destructive, and that the survival of our

  species on this planet depends on the preservation of soil and water, and the habitats and

  ecological systems.

  [J]It is time that we showed successes and accelerations in ecological awareness, action and

  restoration: stories that include past successes and future visions about the rise of urban

  gardening and of renaturalised riverscapes, of successful protests against polluted air and water,

  of the rise ofregional markets and slow foodand the planting of trees around the globe, of

  initiatives and enterprises that work towards ecological restoration.The reality of ecological

  curses seems far greater than the power of the hopes left at the bottom of Pandora’s box.But if

  we believe that nothing can be changed,then we are giving up our opportunity to act.

  [K] Today's saving powers will not come from a deusex machina(解围之神).Inan

  ever-more complex and synthetic world, our saving powers won't come from a single source,

  and certainly not from a too-big-to-fail approach or from those who have been drawn into the

  whirlpool of our age of speed. Hope can work as a wakeup call.It acknowledges setbacks. The

  concept of slow hope suggests that we can’t expect things to change ovenight. If the ever-faster

  exhaustion of natural resources (in ecological terms) and the *shrinking of the present(in social

  terms) are urgent problems of humans, then cutting down on exhaustive practices and working

  towards a“stretching of the present will be ways to move forward.

  36.Climate change has wrought havoc on the lives oftens of thousands of people

  37.I took scientists a long time to realise that the function of forests goes far beyond providing

  humans with timber.

  38. There is abundant evidence that we are now facing a possible ecological disaster.

  39.Environmental science became academie disciplines only some sixty years ago

  40.Things cannot change overnight, but reducing the consumption of natural resources will help

  solve the ecological crisis.

  41.Human perception of forests has undergone a tremendous change in the past years.

  42. Recent history shows reduction of pollution once seemingly impossible, can actually be

  accomplished

  43.People began to consider preserving natural resourees when they feared they would have

  nothing to use in the future.

  44.If we doubt our ability to reverse ecological deterioration, we are throwing away the chance

  to take action.

  45.How to respond effectively to climate change has become the focus of international

  diplomacy

  keys:

  36.F

  37.B

  38.H

  39.D

  40.K

  41.C

  42.G

  43.A

  44.J

  45.E

  仔细阅读-2 套

  Passage One

  Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Since American idol star Taryn Southern started composing music with AI in 2017. musicians

  all over the world have begun wondering about the implications of AI and modern technology

  where music production is concerned Using Al in the creation of music is perceived by some

  as a helpful tool and by others as almost ""the beginning off the end”

  In Taryn's case, Al software enabled her to communicate melodies and chords that she didn’t

  know how to put together herself The end product was therefore a collaborative effort, rather

  than a piece entirely produced by technology Taryn’s story has a distinctly positive feel that

  highlights the advantages ofusing Al in music production It can serve as a source of inspiration,

  and as an ideal jumping of point should a musician be hit with writerblock(文思枯竭)

  Contrary to seeing AI as a tool, some musicians consider it to be hugely detrimental to the

  music scene. At the moment, because such technology is still so young, the music it’s producing

  is not necessarily what we want to hear.In short,it’s not of great quality. Those whe have

  produced their own music, or even fans ofauthentic, artistic music, will also argue that a

  computer could never emulate the work(and human touch)ofa true musician.

  Music has been an integral part of the story of humans for ages; in fact, the first know piece of

  music is believed to be around 3,400 years old. Songs have long been used as a means

  ofcommunicating messages and folk stories, covering everything from societal ethics to worl

  history. Since many people see music as such an inherently human expression, it is ofter

  considered as too precious to impart to technology.The thought of a computer generating

  a“random” piece of music that hasn’t been painstakingly created by an artist is almost seen a

  sacrilegious(亵渎神圣的).

  Regardless of which side of the argument you fall on, it seems likely that the use of AI in music

  production will only become more frequent. Our modern world is preoccupied with

  technological advancements. Instead of shying away from the idea of this bleak future, the best

  approach to take is one ofoptimism and curiosity.While there are always bound to be stubborn

  old-school musicians who refuse to use tech,music producers should consider AI as something

  to be embraced. Al music software is still very much in its infancy,but with more investors

  interested in the development and outcomes of such technology, and considering the rapid

  growth rate of other tech advances in recent years, it’s only a matter oftime before Al-produced

  music is seen as the new norm.

  46.How do some musicians perceive using AI in creating music?

  A)It would help to produce more music idols.

  B) It would be detrimental to music production

  C) It would hinder the understanding of authentic music.

  D) It would be the beginning of a new era in music creation.

  47. What does Taryn Southern's story illustrate?

  A) AI technology is conducive to music composition.

  B) Musicians will be unable to create musie without high tech.

  C) Musicians are often at their witsend in their creative effort.

  D) Al technology is indispensable to creating melodies and chords.

  48. Why are some musicians opposed to the use of AI in creating music?

  A) Music produced with AI technology lacks humanness.

  B) Music created with AI technology is easily emulated.

  C) It will depreciate humans’ role in music composition.

  D) It will deplete young musicianscreative inspiration

  49.Why do many people think music is too precious to impart to AI technology?

  A) It cannot be created without pains.

  C) It is part of human life.

  B) It cannot be produced at random.

  D) It is human specific.

  50. What does the author think of the future of AI music?

  A) It will continue to arouse the interest of music investors

  B) It has the prospect of becoming the norm in the future.

  C) It will be gradually accepted by old-school musicians.

  D) It may eventually lose its freshness and appeal.

  Passage Two

  Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  A few weeks ago, a well-meaning professor tried to explain the physiological process behind

  viruses and the human body in a tweet and was immediately criticized for a mistake in his

  information. He then issued an apology and deleted his erroneous tweet.

  Communicating science beyond the academic bubble is necessary to augmenting public

  understanding of health and environmental issues and helping individuals make well-informed

  personal decisions.

  However, scientists who engage in science communication must acknowledge that even in their

  area, their expertise is deep but narrow. They need to recognize the constraints in their own

  knowledge.That is not to suggest that they only write or present on their own research, but

  rather, that they consult with an expert if the topic is outside of their discipline. Fact-checking

  with a scientist who works in the specialty will prevent the unintentional spread of

  misinformation, and the process of doing so mayyield tiny pieces ofinteresting new information

  that can be incorporated.our

  Some have argued that the public is not educated enough to understand scientific information,

  especially for any complex phenomena, but this is absurd. Science instruction can be found at

  all levels of public education with most secondary schools offering classes or biology, physics,

  and chemistry, If anything, social media has shown that the public craves knowledge based on

  a solid scientific foundation,Even the public discourse that follows most scientifie articles

  shows that online readers can understand even the most baffling of scientific principles.

  It is equally imperative to emphasize that being an expert on a topie does not automatically

  make a scholar qualified to communicate it to a nonscientific audience. A number of scientists

  recently have been offering public-aimed explanations of scientific phenomena Even though

  they have appropriate credentials, they often do very little in the way o explaining. One biologist

  shared an intricate analogy involving a library, books, paper, a recipe ingredients, and a cake

  to explain the process behind vaccines. Any explanation that requires written key to keep track

  of what each item represents is not a clear example for public consumption. cience

  communication is a science in and of itself.It requires rigorous training and instruction. A

  scientist should take communication courses that can teach a person how to identify and

  eliminate jargon and how to develop effective analogies to explain comple concepts. One

  cannot assume communication expertise - imagine if someone just decided th they were a

  physicist and started trying to contribute to the field without the necessar background. Doing a

  poor job communicating science to the public will only create confusion and widen the gap

  between science and society, a gap that scientists are trying to close.

  51. What does the author say about communicating science to the general public?

  A) It will help them to keep abreast of the latest scientific developments.

  B) It is a necessary means to improve their understanding of scientific issues.

  C) It will get them more involved in academic debates on environmental problems.

  D) It is an effective way to augment scientists’ influence beyond the academic circle

  52. What does the author advise scientists do to deal with topics outside of their specialty?

  A) Write or present on them from new angles.

  B) Utilize information from diverse sources.

  C) Turn to a specialist for professional help.

  D) Fact-check with colleagues in their field.

  53.What does the author say we can learn from social media?

  A)Asolid academic foundation is essential to understanding baftling scientific principles.

  B) Modern technology has facilitated communication between scientists and the public

  C) Scientific articles have gained increasing popularity among the general public

  D) The public’s understanding of science is much better than some have claimed.

  54. What does the example of the biologist who shared an intricate analogy show?

  A) It is helpful to use illustrations in explaining scientific phenomena.

  B) It is imperative to have appropriate titles to explain scientific issues.

  C) A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator.

  D) A nonscientific audience cannot duly understand principles of science.

  55. What does the author suggest scientists do to close the gap between science and society?

  A) Explain complex concepts scientifically

  B) Make appropriate use of scientific terms

  C)Take courses in public speaking

  D) Develop communication skills.

  keys:

  46-55

  B It would be detrimental to music production

  AAI technology is conducive to music composition.

  A Music produced with AI technology lacks humanness.

  D It is human specific.

  B It has the prospect of becoming the norm in the future.

  B It is a necessary means to improve their understanding of scientific issues.

  C Turn to a specialist for professional help.

  D The public’s understanding of science is much better than some have claimed.

  C A learned scholar is not necessarily a qualified science communicator.

  D Develop communication skills.

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